ASTM_D_2347_-_00_2015.pdf

Designation:D234700(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Area of Leather Test Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2347;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the surfacearea of leather test specimens.Unless otherwise specified,thesurface to be measured shall be the grain surface or the surfacemost closely adjacent to the grain surface.This test methoddoes not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-ucts for Testing3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 area of a circular specimenthe average diametersquared and multiplied by4and reported to the nearest 1 mm2.3.1.2 area of a rectangular specimenthe product of theaverage distance across the width of the grain surface multi-plied by the average distance across the length of the grainsurface of the leather specimen to the nearest 1 mm2.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to measure the area ofspecimens before and after they are subjected to various teststhat may effect surface area.Two test procedures wherein suchmeasurements could be used are for the apparent density ofleather and the resistance of leather to synthetic perspirationsolution.5.Apparatus5.1 Die,of appropriate size for round or rectangular leatherspecimens,having uniform dimensions in the 50 to 80 mmrange.When rigid and thick leathers,such as sole leathers,arebeing measured,a knife may be used to produce the testspecimen provided straight edges are obtained.5.2 Mallet or Clicking Machine.5.3 Rule or Steel Tape,graduated to 1.0 mm.5.4 Caliper,graduated to 1.0 mm(recommended for soleleather).6.Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be a circular or rectangular piece ofleather cut from leather sides or skins that have been condi-tioned in accordance with Practice D1610 for 48 h in anatmosphere maintained at 73.4 6 1.8F(23 6 1C)and 50 64%relative humidity.6.2 The specimens used in this test method generally rangein area from 1500 to 10 000 mm2.6.3 Do not die out or cut specimens from areas that showsurface defects such as indentations,creases,or cuts.7.Procedure7.1 Place the specimen with the grain side up on a flatsurface and spread it out without pulling or stretching.Using arule or steel tape for flexible leathers and a caliper for soleleathers,make three measurements equally spaced along thewidth and three measurements along the length of the specimento the nearest 1.0 mm.7.2 Measure the diameter of the specimen by placing a ruleor steel tape across its widest girth and note the length on therule or tape extending over the specimen.Repeat this measure-ment four times at radii approximately 45 to each other andaverage the results to obtain the diameter.8.Calculation and Report8.1 Multiply the average value obtained for the length bythe average value obtained for the width to determine the areaof the specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2347 00(2010).DOI:10.1520/D2347-00R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 8.2 Calculate the area of circular test specimens as follows:A 5 1/4 D2(1)where:A=area(mm2),andD=average diameter,mm.8.3 Report area to the nearest 1 mm2.9.Precision and Bias9.1 The following criteria may be used to judge the accept-ability of the results if at least 15 units have been tested.9.1.1 Results by the same operator on duplicate specimen,same skin,should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of variation exceeds 2%.9.1.2 Results of two laboratories on duplicate specimens,same skin,should not be considered suspect unless the coef-ficient of variation exceeds 2%.9.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias can be madesince the true value of area of leather test specime