ASTM_D_2395_-_17.pdf

Designation:D239517Standard Test Methods forDensity and Specific Gravity(Relative Density)of Wood andWood-Based Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2395;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thedensity and specific gravity(relative density)of wood andwood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracyand for specimens of different sizes,shapes,and moisturecontent conditions.The test method title is indicative of theprocedures used or the specific area of use.SectionTest Method AVolume by Measurement8Test Method BVolume by Water Immersion9Test Method CFlotation Tube10Test Method DForstner Bit11Test Method EIncrement Core12Test Method FChips13Test Method GFull-Size Members141.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength ValuesD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD5456 Specification for Evaluation of Structural CompositeLumber ProductsD7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application ofHand-Held Moisture MetersE1547 Terminology Relating to Industrial and SpecialtyChemicals2.2 Other Standards:CAN/CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood3ANSI/AWC National Design Specification for Wood Con-struction43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminology D9.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 density,kg/m3,g/cm3or lb/ft3,nthe mass of aunit volume of a specimen at specified moisture content.NOTE1The moisture content is specified for both mass and volume.For further discussion,see Appendix X3.3.2.1.1 density at moisture content Mdensity based on themass of a specimen including moisture and its volume at thesame moisture content.NOTE2The mass and volume at 12%moisture content are frequentlyused.3.2.1.2 density,basic or conventional,bdensity based onthe oven-dry mass of a specimen and its green volume.3.2.1.3 density,oven-dry or in the absolute dry condition,0density based on the oven-dry mass of a specimen and itsoven-dry volume.3.2.2 green volume,nthe volume of wood specimenbefore any shrinkage occurs due to drying to moisture contentbelow the fiber saturation point(about 30%).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods and Properties.Current edition approved Oct.15,2017.Published November 2017.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2395 141.DOI:10.1520/D2395-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from CSA Group,5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga,ON L4W 5N6,Canada,http:/www.csa.ca.4Available from American Wood Council(AWC)222 Catoctin Circle,SE,Suite201 Leesburg,VA 20175,www.awc.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 NOTE3Green volume may also be obtained by water soaking ofpartially dry wood specimens until they reach fully swollen conditionabove the fiber saturation point(for example,see 13.2.3.1).The fibersaturation point of wood averages approximately 30%moisture content,but in individual species and individual pieces of wood it can vary byseveral percentage points from that value.For further discussion,seeAppendix X3.3.2.3 moisture content,M%the amount of water con-tained in a specimen,expressed as a percentage of its oven-drymass.3.2.4