ASTM_D_2501_-_14_2019.pdf

Designation:D250114(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forCalculation of Viscosity-Gravity Constant(VGC)ofPetroleum Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2501;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the viscosity-gravity constant(VGC)of petroleum oils2having viscosities inexcess of 5.5 mm2/s at 40 C(104 F)and in excess of0.8 mm2/s at 100 C(212 F).1.2 Annex A1 describes a method for calculating the VGCfrom Saybolt(SUS)viscosity and relative density.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3.1 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is mm2/s.1.3.2 ExceptionFahrenheit temperature units are used inthis practice because they are accepted by industry for the typeof legacy conversions described in this practice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products(Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Compositionof Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer(and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The kinematic viscosity at 40 C(104 F)and thedensity at 15 C of the oil are determined.If the oil isextremely viscous,or if it is otherwise inconvenient to deter-mine the viscosity at 40 C,the kinematic viscosity at 100 C(212 F)can be used.The viscosity-gravity constant is calcu-lated from the measured physical properties using the appro-priate equation.4.Significance and Use4.1 The viscosity-gravity constant(VGC)is a useful func-tion for the approximate characterization of the viscous frac-tions of petroleum.2It is relatively insensitive to molecularweight and is related to a fluids composition as expressed interms of certain structural elements.Values of VGC near 0.800indicate samples of paraffinic character,while values close to1.00 indicate a preponderance of aromatic structures.Likeother indicators of hydrocarbon composition,the VGC shouldnot be indiscriminately applied to residual oils,asphalticmaterials,or samples containing appreciable quantities ofnonhydrocarbons.5.Measurement of Physical Properties5.1 Preferably,determine the kinematic viscosity at 40 C asdescribed in Test Method D445 or D7042.However,if thesample is extremely viscous or if it is otherwise inconvenientto measure the viscosity at 40 C,the viscosity at 100 C maybe determined.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.Current edition approved May 1,2019.Published June 2019.Originallyapproved in 1966.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2501 14.DOI:10.1520/D2501-14R19.2Coats,H.B.,and Hill,J.B.,Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,Vol 20,1928,p.641.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.2 Determine the density at 15 C in accordance with TestMethod D1298,D4052,or D7042.Equivalent results can beobtained by determining API Gravity at 60 F(15.56 C)inaccordance wi