Designation:D2435/D2435M−11StandardTestMethodsforOne-DimensionalConsolidationPropertiesofSoilsUsingIncrementalLoading1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2435/D2435M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope*1.1Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresfordeterminingthemagnitudeandrateofconsolidationofsoilwhenitisrestrainedlaterallyanddrainedaxiallywhilesubjectedtoincrementallyappliedcontrolled-stressloading.Twoalterna-tiveproceduresareprovidedasfollows:1.1.1TestMethodA—Thistestmethodisperformedwithconstantloadincrementdurationof24h,ormultiplesthereof.Time-deformationreadingsarerequiredonaminimumoftwoloadincrements.Thistestmethodprovidesonlythecompres-sioncurveofthespecimenandtheresultscombinebothprimaryconsolidationandsecondarycompressiondeforma-tions.1.1.2TestMethodB—Time-deformationreadingsarere-quiredonallloadincrements.Successiveloadincrementsareappliedafter100%primaryconsolidationisreached,oratconstanttimeincrementsasdescribedinTestMethodA.Thistestmethodprovidesthecompressioncurvewithexplicitdatatoaccountforsecondarycompression,thecoefficientofconsolidationforsaturatedmaterials,andtherateofsecondarycompression.NOTE1—Thedeterminationoftherateandmagnitudeofconsolidationofsoilwhenitissubjectedtocontrolled-strainloadingiscoveredbyTestMethodD4186.1.2Thesetestmethodsaremostcommonlyperformedonsaturatedintactsamplesoffinegrainedsoilsnaturallysedi-mentedinwater,however,thebasictestprocedureisapplicable,aswell,tospecimensofcompactedsoilsandintactsamplesofsoilsformedbyotherprocessessuchasweatheringorchemicalalteration.Evaluationtechniquesspecifiedinthesetestmethodsassumetheporespaceisfullysaturatedandaregenerallyapplicabletosoilsnaturallysedimentedinwater.Testsperformedonotherunsaturatedmaterialssuchascom-pactedandresidual(weatheredorchemicallyalt...
