ASTM_D_2413_-_16_2022.pdf

Designation:D241316(Reapproved 2022)Standard Practice forPreparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated witha Liquid Dielectric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2413;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation of insulating paperand board impregnated with a liquid dielectric.Where thispractice states only“paper,”the same procedure shall apply toboard.1.2 This practice has been found practicable for papershaving nominal thickness of 0.05 mm(2 mil)and above.It hasbeen used successfully for insulating board as thick as 6 mm(14in.)when care is taken to ensure the specimen geometrynecessary for valid measurement of dielectric properties.Suit-able geometry depends on the electrode system used.Rigidsolid opposing electrodes require flat specimens that haveessentially parallel surfaces.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D117 Guide for Sampling,Test Methods,and Specificationsfor Electrical Insulating LiquidsD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity(Dielectric Constant)of Solid Electrical InsulationD202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing UntreatedPaper Used for Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor(or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity(Dielectric Constant)of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using VDE ElectrodesD1933 Specification for Nitrogen Gas as an Electrical Insu-lating MaterialD3394 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ElectricalInsulating BoardD3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUsing Impulse Waves3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUse Terminology D1711 for definitions ofterms used in this practice and associated with electrical orelectronic materials.4.Summary of Practice4.1 The paper is heated and vacuum dried and the liquiddielectric degassed.The paper may be dried in loose form orassembled between electrodes.The liquid dielectric may beheated and degassed prior to introducing it into the chambercontaining the dried paper or it may be degassed as it isintroduced into the evacuated chamber containing the driedpaper.A sufficient length of time is allowed for the impregnat-ing process depending on the apparent density of the paper andmethod of impregnation.The impregnated specimens aresubsequently tested for various selected electrical properties.5.Significance and Use5.1 DissipationFactorandRelativePermittivityKnowledge of these properties is important in the design ofelectrical equipment such as cables,transformers,insulators,and so forth.The numerical product of these two properties ofa dielectric system is proportional to the energy loss convertedto heat,and is called its loss index(see Terminology D1711).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electricaland Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.Current edition approved May 1,2022.Published May 2022.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2413 16.DOI:10.1520/D2413-16R22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1The energy loss reduces the efficiency of electrical equipment.The heat produced tends to chemically degrade the dielectricmaterial and may even lead to thermal runaway.Test results ofimpregnated sp