ASTM_D_240_-_14.pdf

Designation:D24014Standard Test Method forHeat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by BombCalorimeter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D240;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat ofcombustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels ranging in volatilityfrom that of light distillates to that of residual fuels.1.2 Under normal conditions,this test method is directlyapplicable to such fuels as gasolines,kerosines,Nos.1 and 2fuel oil,Nos.1-D and 2-D diesel fuel and Nos.0-GT,1-GT,and 2-GT gas turbine fuels.1.3 This test method is not as repeatable and not asreproducible as Test Method D4809.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Sections 7 and 9 and A1.10 and Annex A3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum FractionsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(LampMethod)D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear MagneticResonance SpectrometryD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter(PrecisionMethod)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons,Spark Ignition Engine Fuel,DieselEngine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD7171 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Dis-tillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution PulsedNuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE200 Practice for Preparation,Standardization,and Storageof Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 gross heat of combustion,Qg(MJ/kg),nthe quantityof energy released when a unit mass of fuel is burned in aconstant volume enclosure,with the products being gaseous,other than water that is condensed to the liquid state.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe fuel can be either liquid or solid,and contain only the elements carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,andsulfur.The products of combustion,in oxygen,are gaseouscarbon dioxide,nitrogen oxides,sulfur dioxide,and liquidwater.In this procedure,25 C is the initial temperature of thefuel and the oxygen,and the final temperature of the productsof combustion.3.1.2 net heat of combustion,Qn(MJ/kg),nthe quantity ofenergy released when a unit mass of fuel is burned at constantpressure,with all of the products,including water,beinggaseous.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe fuel can be either liquid or solid,and contain only the elements carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,and sulfur.The products of combustion,in oxygen,are carbon dioxide,nitrogen oxides,sulfur dioxide,and water,all in the gaseous state.In this procedure,the combustion takes1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels,Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D240 09.DOI:10.1520/D0240-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 place at a constant pressure of 101.325 kPa(1 atm),and 25 Cis the initial temperature of the fuel and the oxygen,and thefinal temperature of the products of combustion.3.1.3 The following relationships may be used for convert-ing between units:1calit(International Table calorie)=4.1868 J1Btuit(International Table British thermal unit)=1055.05585