ASTM_D_4287_-_00_2014.pdf

Designation:D428700(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forHigh-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4287;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-ity of paints,varnishes,and related products at a rate of shearof 12 000 s1.1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not givereproducible results with this test method.Measurements madeat elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due toloss of volatiles and to drying.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag ofLatex Paints3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The material to be tested is placed between the cone andplate of a cone/plate viscometer,then subjected to a high shearrate while the viscosity is determined.4.Significance and Use4.1 The viscosity value obtained by this test method givesinformation about the flow properties of the material underhigh-shear conditions similar to those encountered duringapplication:brushing(see Test Method D4958),spraying,electrostatic disk,or roll coating.4.2 This test method is suitable for all paints and varnisheswhether they are Newtonian in behavior or not.However,dueto the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts ofhigh-shear viscometers,this test method is more reproduciblefor paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined byTest Method D1210.5.Apparatus5.1 Cone/Plate Type Viscometer,with cone/speed combina-tion producing a rate of shear of 12 000 s1.The viscometermust provide a viscosity measurement rage of either 0 to 10(P)or 0 to 5(P)at the above mentioned shear rate.With higherviscosity materials,other cones and speeds may be used uponagreement between the producer and the user,but it should benoted that these may give lower shear rates not truly represen-tative of application conditions.Refer to Fig.1 and Fig.2 of ananalog and digital cone and plate viscometer.NOTE1The SI units for viscosity are pascal-seconds(Pas=10 P,1mPas=1 cP).6.Reagents and Materials6.1 Water or SolventThe viscometer should be zeroedaccording to the manufacturers specification.Zeroing proce-dures that require liquid may be satisfied with water or a lowviscosity solvent such as xylene or mineral spirits.6.2 Mineral OilsThree standard mineral oils with knownviscosities(certified by an approved laboratory)lying between10 and 90%of full scale to be used for calibrating theinstrument.3NOTE2Silicone oils should be avoided because of their tendency tocontaminate instruments,containers and other equipment and because ofthe possibility of shear thinning behavior at high shear rates.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints&Paint Materials.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published January 2015.Originallyapproved in 1983.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4287 00(2010).DOI:10.1520/D4287-00R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Such oils are available from The Cannon Instrument Co.,P.O.Box 16,StateCollege,PA 16801.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Sampling7.1 Take a representative sample of the product to be testedin accordance with Practice D3925.If the sample has atendency to settle or separate on standing,it must be stirred orshaken until homogeneous before a test specimen is taken fromit.The specimen must be free of any foreign matter or airbubbles and its volume must be sufficient to cover the portionof the viscometer plate under the cone when the latter isbrought into contact with the plate.8.Preparation of Apparatus8.1 The viscometer shou