ASTM_D_2423_-_90_2012e1.pdf

Designation:D242390(Reapproved 2012)1Standard Test Method forSurface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2423;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTERemoved incorrect less than symbol from 11.1.1 editorially in November 2012.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight ofwax on the surface of waxed paper.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related Product(Withdrawn 2010)3D646 Test Method for Grammage of Paper and Paperboard(Mass Per Unit Area)(Withdrawn 2010)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 basis weight of paper,nbasis weight is expressed ingrams per square metre.In countries where the metric systemis not universal,basis weight is also expressed in pounds perream.3.1.2 ream of paper(news and wrapping),n500 sheetseach 610 by 914 mm(24 by 36 in.).3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor factors to convert basis weight ingrams per square metre to other commercial reams,see TestMethod D646.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The quantity of wax present as a surface film on paperor paperboard is determined through the difference in weight ofspecimens before and after scraping with a razor blade.5.Significance and Use5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper andpaperboard are related to the amount of wax present as asurface film.Test methods which determine wax load bysolvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax presentas a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into thesubstrate.This test method,which mechanically removes thewax,measures the amount on each surface of the substrate.6.Apparatus6.1 Pad of paper to be used as a cushion under the waxedpaper specimens during the scraping operation.6.2 Analytical Balance,capable of reproducing weights tothe nearest 0.001 g.6.3 Razor Blade,single-edged for scraping the wax from thespecimen.6.4 Trimming Board,or other device for cutting paperspecimens.A paper cutter having an attachment for ensuringparallelism of the opposite edge of the trimmed sheet,or atemplate,or a die cutter is recommended.6.5 Measuring Device,capable of measuring the size of thespecimen to an accuracy 0.5 mm.7.Sampling7.1 Select samples that are free of wrinkles,cuts,or otherdefects in accordance with Practice D585.8.Procedure8.1 Prepare a specimen consisting of a 100 by 100-mmsquare of waxed paper.Determine the area(in square millime-tres)of each specimen to the nearest 1.0%of its total area.8.2 Weigh the specimen on the analytical balance to thenearest 0.5%of its total weight.8.3 Remove the surface wax from one side of the specimen(side No.1)by scraping toward each of its four edges as1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2423 90(2007).DOI:10.1520/D2423-90R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 follows:Hold the specimen firmly on the pad to preventslippage.With a razor blade held vertically,scrape the entirearea of one side of the specimen with repeated one-directionalstrokes of the blade,slightly overlapping the strokes.Rotate thespecimen through 90 and repeat the scraping.Continuerotating and scraping twice more to complete the process.8.4 Reweigh the specimen as described in 8.2.Record theweight of the specimen as the scraped basis weight side No.1.8.5 Remove the surface wax from side No.2 of thespecimen by scraping as described in 8.3.8.6 Reweigh the specimen and record the weight as thescraped basis weight side No.2.9.Calculation9.1 The surface wax weight is determined by weight differ-ence.The weight of surface wax on side No.1 of the sample isthe difference between the initial weight and the scrapedweight s