ASTM_D_413_-_98_2013.pdf

Designation:D41398(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forRubber PropertyAdhesion to Flexible Substrate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D413;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of theadhesion strength between plies of fabric bonded with rubberor the adhesion of the rubber layer in articles made from rubberattached to other material.They are applicable only when theadhered surfaces are approximately plane or uniformly circularas in belting,hose,tire carcasses,or rubber-covered sheetmetal.1.2 When the adhered surfaces contain sharp bends,angles,or other gross irregularities that cannot be avoided in preparingtest specimens,special test methods must be employed forevaluating adhesion.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3040 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Stan-dards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing(Withdrawn1987)3D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from Products3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Two general test methods are given:3.1.1 Static-Mass Method,in which the force required tocause separation between adhered surfaces is applied by meansof gravity acting on a mass.3.1.2 Machine Method,in which the force required to causeseparation between adhered surfaces is applied by means of atension machine.3.2 Except as may be otherwise specified in these testmethods,the requirements of Practices D3182 and D3183,shall be complied with and are made a part of these testmethods.3.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of these testmethods and those of detailed specifications or test methods fora particular material,the latter shall take precedence.3.4 As covered by these test methods,an adhesion testconsists of applying to a test specimen,under specifiedconditions,a(measured)force sufficient to strip from thespecimen at a measured rate,a layer of moderate thicknesswith separation(rupture,tearing)at the adhered surfaces.Thenumerical value of the adhesion is expressed as(1)the averageforce required to cause separation at a definite rate,or(2)theaverage rate of separation caused by a known or specifiedforce.In the machine test method,the rate of separation is fixedand the adhesion value must be expressed in terms of themeasured force.With the static-mass test method,either(1)or(2)can be used,but the latter is preferable and will be hereemployed.4.Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are used to ensure the quality of aproduct by determining the force per unit width required toseparate a rubber layer from a flexible substrate such as fabric,fibre,wire,or sheet metal.The acceptable value of adhesionmeasured will,of course,vary from product to product due todifferent rubber formulations,flexible substrates,and types ofproducts.However,once a product is established,minimumvalues of separation force can be determined and agreed to byproducer and consumer and both can monitor to assuremaintenance of the agreed-upon minimum value.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.25 on RubberAdhesive Systems.Current edition approved Nov.1,2013.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1935.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D413 98(2007).DOI:10.1520/D0413-98R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 STATIC-MASS METHOD5.Apparatus5.1 The apparatus required for the adhesion test by thestatic-mass test method consists of a supporting frame,testingclamps,mandrels,calibrated masses,and mass carriers.Thesupporting frame is of such design that clamps for stripspecimens hang on it vertically and that mandrels for ringspecimens are supported on it horizontally.The frame has