ASTM_D_2395_-_14.pdf

Designation:D239514Standard Test Methods forDensity and Specific Gravity(Relative Density)of Wood andWood-Based Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2395;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thedensity and specific gravity(relative density)of wood andwood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracyand for specimens of different sizes,shapes,and moisturecontent conditions.The method title is indicative of theprocedures used or the specific area of use.SectionTest Method AVolume by Measurement7Test Method BVolume by Water Immersion8Test Method CFlotation Tube9Test Method DForstner Bit10Test Method EIncrement Core11Test Method FChips121.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength ValuesD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD5456 Specification for Evaluation of Structural CompositeLumber ProductsD7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application ofHand-Held Moisture MetersE1547 Terminology Relating to Industrial and SpecialtyChemicals2.2 Other Standards:CAN/CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood3ANSI/AWC National Design Specification for Wood Con-struction43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminology D9.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 density,kg/m3,g/cm3or lb/ft3,nthe mass of aunit volume of a specimen at specified moisture content.NOTE1The moisture content is specified for both mass and volume.For further discussion,see Appendix X3.3.2.1.1 density at moisture content Mdensity based on themass of a specimen including moisture and its volume at thesame moisture content.NOTE2The mass and volume at 12%moisture content are frequentlyused.3.2.1.2 density,basic or conventional,bdensity based onthe oven-dry mass of a specimen and its green volume.3.2.1.3 density,oven-dry or in the absolute dry condition,0density based on the oven-dry mass of a specimen and itsoven-dry volume.3.2.2 green volume,nthe volume of wood specimenbefore any shrinkage occurs due to drying to moisture contentbelow the fiber saturation point(about 30%).NOTE3Green volume may also be obtained by water soaking ofpartially dry wood specimens until they reach fully swollen conditionabove the fiber saturation point(e.g.,see 12.2.3.1).See Appendix X3.Thefiber saturation point of wood averages approximately 30%moisturecontent,but in individual species and individual pieces of wood it can varyby several percentage points from that value.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods and Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published June 2014.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2395 07a1.DOI:10.1520/D2395-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from CSA Group,5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga,ON L4W 5N6,Canada,http:/www.csa.ca.4Available from American Wood Council(AWC)222 Catoctin Circle,SE,Suite201 Leesburg,VA 20175,www.awc.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.3 moisture content,M%the amount of water con-tained in a specimen,expressed as a percentage of its oven-drymass.3.2.4 specific gravity(relative density),S,nthe ratio of theoven-dry mass of a specimen to the mass of a volume of waterequal to the volume of the specimen at a specified moisturecontent.NOTE4The volume may be that in the oven-dry,partially dry,orgreen(fully swollen)condition.Further in this standard,the terms specificgravity and relative density are used interchangeably.For furtherdiscussion,see Appendix X3.3.2.4.1 specific gravity at moisture content M,nspecificgravity based on the oven-dry mass of a specimen and itsvolume at a specified moisture content between the oven-drycondition and the fiber saturation point.NOTE5The volume at 12%moisture content is frequently used.3.2.4.2 specific gravity,basic(or green),Sb,