ASTM_D_4440_-_15.pdf

Designation:D444015Standard Test Method forPlastics:Dynamic Mechanical Properties Melt Rheology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4440;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanicalinstrumentation in determining and reporting the rheologicalproperties of thermoplastic resins and other types of moltenpolymers.It may be used as a method for determining thecomplex viscosity and other significant viscoelastic character-istics of such materials as a function of frequency,strainamplitude,temperature,and time.Such properties may beinfluenced by fillers and other additives.1.2 It incorporates a laboratory test method for determiningthe relevant rheological properties of a polymer melt subjectedto various oscillatory deformations on an instrument of the typecommonly referred to as a mechanical or dynamic spectrom-eter.1.3 This test method is intended to provide a means ofdetermining the rheological properties of molten polymers,such as thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers over arange of temperatures by nonresonant,forced-vibration tech-niques.Plots of modulus,viscosity,and tan delta as a functionofdynamicoscillation(frequency),strainamplitude,temperature,and time are indicative of the viscoelastic prop-erties of a molten polymer.1.4 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.1.5 This test method is intended for homogenous andheterogeneous molten polymeric systems and composite for-mulations containing chemical additives,including fillers,reinforcements,stabilizers,plasticizers,flame retardants,im-pact modifiers,processing aids,and other important chemicaladditives often incorporated into a polymeric system forspecific functional properties,and which could affect theprocessability and functional performance.These polymericmaterial systems have molten viscosities typically less than 106Pas(107poise).1.6 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtainedunder differing experimental conditions.Without changing theobserved data,reporting in full(as described in this testmethod)the conditions under which the data was obtained mayenable apparent differences observed in another study to bereconciled.1.7 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721,Part 10.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4065 Practice for Plastics:Dynamic Mechanical Proper-ties:Determination and Report of ProceduresD4092 Terminology for Plastics:Dynamic MechanicalPropertiesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6721,Part 10 PlasticsDetermination of DynamicMechanical Properties,Part 10,Complex Shear ViscosityUsing a Parallel-Plate Oscillatory Rheometer3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology Standard D4092.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Jan.15,2015.Published February 2015.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4440-08.DOI:10.1520/D4440-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A known amount of thermoplastic polymer(moltenpowder or pellet,or solid preform disk)is placed in mechanicaloscillation at a fixed or varying frequency at isothermalconditions or over a linear temperature increase or a time-temperature relation simulating a processing condition.Storage(elastic)modulus,G or loss(viscous)modulus,G,or both,orthe corresponding dynamic viscosity functions n=g w andn=g w,of the polymeric material specimen are mea