ASTM_D_3441_-_16.pdf

Designation:D344116Standard Test Method forMechanical Cone Penetration Testing of Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3441;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe point resistance during penetration of a conical-shapedpenetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steadyrate.1.2 This test method may also used to determine thefrictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind theconical point as it is advanced through subsurface soils at asteady rate.1.3 This test method applies to mechanical-type penetrom-eters.Field tests using penetrometers of electronic type arecovered elsewhere by Test Method D5778.1.4 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpretsubsurface stratigraphy,and through use of site specificcorrelations,they can provide data on engineering properties ofsoils intended for use in design and construction of earthworksand foundations for structures.1.5 Mechanical penetrometers of the type described in thistest method operate either continually(in which cone penetra-tion resistance is measured while cone and push rods aremoving continuously until stopped for the addition of a pushrod)or discontinuously(in which cone penetration resistanceand,optionally,sleeve friction are measured during a penetra-tion stop of the push rods)using an inner rod system and apenetrometer tip(that must be telescoping in case of discon-tinuous operation).1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotesshall not be considered as requirements of the standard.Theillustrations included in this standard are intended only forexplanatory or advisory use.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.Reporting of test results in units other than SI shallnot be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to com-mensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scope ofthis standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezo-cone Penetration Testing of SoilsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and RelatedField Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published July 2016.Originally approvedin 1975.Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D3441 98,which waswithdrawn January 2014 and reinstated in July 2016.DOI:10.1520/D3441-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard,refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cone tip,nthe conical point of a cone penetrometeron which the end bearing component of penetration resistanceis developed.The cone has a 60 apex angle,a diameter of 35.7mm,and a correspondin