ASTM_D_412_-_06a_2013.pdf

Designation:D41206a(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D412;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluatethe tensile(tension)properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbersand thermoplastic elastomers.These methods are not appli-cable to ebonite and similar hard,low elongation materials.The methods appear as follows:Test Method ADumbbell and Straight Section SpecimensTest Method BCut Ring SpecimensNOTE1These two different methods do not produce identical results.1.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall beregarded separately as normative for this standard.The valuesin each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore eachsystem must be used independently,without combining values.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for Test-ingD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsD3767 Practice for RubberMeasurement of DimensionsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2.2 ASTM Adjunct:Cut Ring Specimens,Method B(D412)32.3 ISO Standards:ISO 37 Rubber,Vulcanized and Thermoplastic Determina-tion of Tensile Stress-Strain Properties43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 tensile setthe extension remaining after a specimenhas been stretched and allowed to retract in a specified manner,expressed as a percentage of the original length.(D1566)3.1.2 tensile set-after-breakthe tensile set measured byfitting the two broken dumbbell pieces together at the point ofrupture.3.1.3 tensile strengththe maximum tensile stress appliedin stretching a specimen to rupture.(D1566)3.1.4 tensile stressa stress applied to stretch a test piece(specimen).(D1566)3.1.5 tensile stress at-given-elongationthe stress requiredto stretch the uniform cross section of a test specimen to agiven elongation.(D1566)3.1.6 thermoplastic elastomersa diverse family of rubber-like materials that unlike conventional vulcanized rubbers canbe processed and recycled like thermoplastic materials.3.1.7 ultimate elongationthe elongation at which ruptureoccurs in the application of continued tensile stress.3.1.8 yield pointthat point on the stress-strain curve,shortof ultimate failure,where the rate of stress with respect tostrain,goes through a zero value and may become negative.(D1566)1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on PhysicalTesting.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published April 2013.Originallyapproved in 1935.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D412 06a2.DOI:10.1520/D0412-06AR13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detailed drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters,100 Barr HarborDrive,Conshohocken,PA 19428.Order Adjunct No.ADJD0412.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.9 yield strainthe level of strain at the yield point.(D1566)3.1.10 yield stressthe level of stress at the yield point.(D1566)4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The determination of tensile properties starts with testpieces taken from the sample material and includes thepreparation of the specimens and the testing of the specimens.Specimens may be in the shape of dumbbells,rings or straightpieces of uniform cross-sectional area.4.2 Measurements for tensile stress,tensile stress at a givenelongation,tensile strength,yield point,and ultimate elonga-tion are made on specimens that have not been prestressed.Tensile stress,yield point,and tensile strength are based on theoriginal cross-sectional area of a uniform cross-section of thespecimen.4.3 Measurement of tensile set i