ASTM_D_3278_-_96_2011.pdf

Designation:D327896(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Methods forFlash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3278;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determiningwhether a material does or does not flash at a specifiedtemperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature atwhich a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus.2The test methods are applicable to paints,enamels,lacquers,varnishes,and related products having aflash point between 0 and 110C(32 and 230F)and viscositylower than 150 St at 25C(77F).NOTE1Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.NOTE2More viscous materials may be tested in accordance withAnnex A4.NOTE3Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with AnnexA5,which describes the applicable safety precautions.NOTE4TheU.S.DepartmentofLabor(OSHA,HazardCommunications),the U.S.Department of Transportation(RSPA),and theU.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)have specified Test Meth-ods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination offlash point of liquids in their regulations.NOTE5These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO3679 and ISO 3680.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describethe response of materials,products,or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions and should not be used todescribe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,products,or assemblies under actual fire conditions.However,results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard ora fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of thefactors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazardor fire risk of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see 8.1 and 11.2.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Related MaterialsD1015 Test Method for Freezing Points of High-PurityHydrocarbonsD1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-ganic Liquids2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO3679 Paints,varnishes,petroleumandrelatedproductsDetermination of flash pointRapid equilib-rium methodISO3680 Paints,varnishes,petroleumandrelatedproductsFlash/no flash testRapid equilibrium method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 flash point,nthe lowest temperature,corrected to apressure of 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa,1013 mbar),at whichapplication of an ignition source causes the vapor of thespecimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.4.Summary of Test Methods4.1 By means of a syringe,2 mL of the sample is introducedthrough a leakproof entry port into the tightly closed small1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and PaintMaterials.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1973.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3278 96(2004)1.DOI:10.1520/D3278-96R011.2Small scale closed-cup apparatus has been found suitable for this purpose.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 scale closed-cup apparatus2or directly into the cup that hasbeen brought to the required test temperature.As a flash/noflash test,the expected flash point temperature may be aspecification or other operating requirement.After 1 min,a testflame is applied inside the cup and note is taken whether or notthe test specimen flashes.A fresh specimen must be used if arepeat test is necessary.4.2 For a finite flash point measurement,the temperature issequentially increased through the anticip