ASTM_D_3561_-_11.pdf

Designation:D356111Standard Test Method forLithium,Potassium,and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water,Seawater,and Brines by Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3561;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of solublelithium,potassium,and sodium ions in brackish water,seawater,and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.21.2 Samples containing from 0.1 to 70 000 mg/Lof lithium,potassium,and sodium may be analyzed by this test method.1.3 This test method has been used successfully withartificial brine samples.It is the users responsibility to ensurethe validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded as the standard.The values given in parenthesesare for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous SamplesD5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D1129.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is dependent on the fact that metallicelements,in the ground state,will absorb light of the samewavelength they emit when excited.When radiation from agiven excited element is passed through a flame containingground state atoms of that element,the intensity of thetransmitted radiation will decrease in proportion to the amountof ground state element in the flame.A hollow cathode lampwhose cathode is made of the element to be determinedprovides the radiation.The metal atoms to be measured4areplaced in the beam of radiation by aspirating the specimen intoan oxidant fuel flame.A monochromator isolates the charac-teristic radiation from the hollow cathode lamp,and a photo-sensitive device measures the attenuated transmitted radiation,which may be read as absorbance units or directly as concen-tration on some instruments.4.2 Since the variable and sometimes high concentrations ofmatrix materials in the waters and brines affect absorptiondifferently,it is difficult to prepare standards sufficiently similarto the waters and brines.To overcome this difficulty,themethod of additions is used in which three identical samplesare prepared and varying amounts of a standard added to twoof them.The three samples are then aspirated,the concentra-tion readings recorded,and the original sample concentrationcalculated.5.Significance and Use5.1 Identification of a brackish water,seawater,or brine isdetermined by comparison of the concentrations of their1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved Sept.1,2011.Published September 2011.Originallyapproved in 1977.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3561 02R07e01.DOI:10.1520/D3561-11.2Fletcher,G.F.and Collins,A.G.,Atomic Absorption Methods of Analysis ofOilfield Brines:Barium,Calcium,Copper,Iron,Lead,Lithium,Magnesium,Manganese,Potassium,Sodium,Strontium,and Zinc,U.S.Bureau of Mines,Reportof Investigations 7861,1974,14 pp.Collins,A.G.Geochemistry of Oilfield Waters,Elsevier,New York,NY 1975.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Angino,E.E.,and Billings,G.K.,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry inGeology,Elsevier Publishing Co.,New York,NY 1967.Dean,J.A.,and Rains,T.C.,Editors,Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,Vol 1,Theory,Marcel Dekker,New York,NY 1969.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 dissolved constituents.The results are used to evaluate thewater as a possible pollutant,or as a commercial source of avaluable constituent such as lithium.6.Interferences6.1 Ionization interference is controlled by adding largeexcesses of an easily ionized element.Sodium io