ASTM_D_4176_-_04_2014.pdf

Designation:D417604(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forFree Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels(Visual Inspection Procedures)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4176;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers two procedures for estimatingthe presence of suspended free water and solid particulatecontamination in distillate fuels having distillation end pointsbelow 400C and an ASTM color of 5 or less.1.1.1 Both procedures can be used as field tests at storagetemperatures,or as laboratory tests at controlled temperatures.1.1.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method forcontamination.Procedure 2 provides a gross numerical ratingof haze appearance.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer ReagentD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Middle Distillate Fuels(Clear and Bright Nu-merical Rating)2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Distillate Fuel Bar Chart3Distillate Fuel Haze Rating Standard43.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 clear-and-bright(also termed clean-and-bright)acondition in which the fuel is free of haze or cloudiness.3.1.2 free waterwater in excess of that soluble in the fuelat the temperature of the test,and appearing in the fuel as ahaze or cloudiness,or as droplets.3.1.3 particulatessmall solid or semisolid particles,some-times referred to as silt or sediment,that may or may not besuspended in the fuel as a result of contamination by air-blowndusts,corrosion by-products,fuel instability,or protective-coating deterioration.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In Procedure 1 approximately 900 mL of fuel is placedinto a clear,glass,1-L jar and is examined visually for clarity.The sample is then swirled and examined for visual sedimentor water drops below the vortex.4.2 In Procedure 2 approximately 900 mL of fuel is placedinto a clear,glass,1-L jar and is examined visually for clarity.Fuel clarity is rated by placing a standard bar chart behind thesample and comparing its visual appearance with the standardhaze rating photos.The sample is then swirled and examinedfor visual sediment or water drops below the vortex.4.3 When field testing,both Procedures 1 and 2 are per-formed immediately after sampling and at storage temperatureconditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricantsand is the responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published November 2014.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4176 04(2009).DOI:10.1520/D4176-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD417601.Original adjunct produced in 1991.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD417602.Original adjunct produced in 1991.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.4 When lab testing,both Procedures 1 and 2 are per-formed after the sample has equilibrated at the test temperatureof interest.5.Significance and Use5.1 It has long been the practice to include in fuel specifi-cations a requirement that the fuel be clear and bright and freeof visible particulate matter(see Note 1).However,there hasbeen no standard method for making this determination so thatpractices have differed.This test method provides standardprocedures for the test.NOTE1Clean and bright is sometimes used in place of clear andbright.The meaning is identical.5.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method forcontaminat