ASTM_D_4131_-_84_2014.pdf

Designation:D413184(Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forSampling Fish with Rotenone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4131;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers determination of the quantitativeand qualitative species composition of fish in a specified area.The successful use of this technique is dependent on:(1)preventing fish from escaping the sample area and(2)retriev-ing all affected fish,which may take up to three days.1.2 Advantages:1.2.1 Easily detoxified.1.2.2 All native freshwater fish are susceptible,but it haslow toxicity to mammals and birds.1.2.3 At low concentrations fish toxicity depends onspecies,age,and size.1.2.4 The suffocating action is reversible.1.3 Limitations:1.3.1 It is less effective in cold(below 20C)and highlyalkaline water.1.3.2 Smaller fish and those without air bladders usually donot float.1.3.3 Completely random selection of sample areas is notpossible.1.3.4 Overkill beyond sample area can sometimes occur.1.3.5 Food web organisms may be eliminated.1.4 Applicationsthis practice is useful in both short-andlong-term studies for management and impact assessmentpurposes.It is adaptable to both lotic and lentic situations inlittoral and limnetic areas.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specifichazards,see Section 6.2.Referenced Document2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Summary of Practice3.1 The sample area is blocked off with a small mesh net(s)and the volume of water to be treated is calculated.Therequired quantity of rotenone is diluted and distributedthroughout the water column in the sample area.All fish shouldbe affected and they should be collected for processing(1).34.Apparatus4.1 Vessels,for measuring and mixing rotenone and forcollecting fish.4.2 Chemical Applicator,for boat use.4.2.1 Venturi Siphon or Automatic Boat Bailer that attachesto outboard motors cavatation plate.4.2.2 Gasoline-Powered Pump and Weighted PerforatedHose.4.3 Block-Off Net(s)14-in.(6.4-mm)bar mesh for lake-reservoir and small stream use or34to 1-in.(19 to 25-mm)barmesh for larger streams).4.4 Dip nets,for collecting fish.4.5 Flat-Bottom Boats,12 to 14-ft or larger.5.Reagents5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.4Other grades may be used,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.24 on Water Microbiology.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition addition approved in 2008 as D4131 84(2008).DOI:10.1520/D4131-84R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.4Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,AmericanChemical Society,Washington,DC.For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society,see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals,BDH Ltd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.,and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary,U.S.Pharmaceutical Convention,Inc.(USPC),Rockville,MD.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.5.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean Type II reagent waterconforming to Specification D1193.5.3 Rotenone,emulsion with 5%active ingredient(2).5.4 Potassium Permanganate Crystals,any size.6.Hazards6.1 Avoid skin-eye contact and ingestion.7.Procedures7.1 In lakes and reservoirs,fish samples can be obtained ifthe block-off net is long and deep enough.7.1.1 Four to six people and two boats are usually requiredto conduct a 1-acre(4046 m2)survey.The selec