ASTM_D_4055_-_04_2019.pdf

Designation:D405504(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forPentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4055;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentaneinsolubles for particles exceeding 0.8 m in new and usedlubricating oils.NOTE1Pentane insolubles with particle sizes less than 0.8 m may bestudied with appropriate size membrane filters.Particle sizes above orbelow 0.8 m can be studied.The precision of this test method has beendetermined only at 0.8 m.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see 7.1,8.2.1,and Annex A1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pentane insolubles,in used oil analysis,nseparatedmatter resulting when a used oil is dissolved in pentane.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the separation iseffected by filtration through a membrane.3.1.2 used oil,nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment(for example,an engine,gearbox,transformer,orturbine)whether operated or not.D41754.Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of new or used lubricating oil is mixed withpentane in a volumetric flask.The oil solution is filteredthrough an 0.8 m membrane filter.The flask,funnel,and filterare washed with additional pentane to effect a completetransfer of particulates onto the filter.The filter and itsparticulates are dried and weighed to give the pentane in-solubles.5.Significance and Use5.1 Pentane insolubles above 0.8 m in size may lead toincreased wear.This increased wear can lead to prematureequipment failure in critical applications.6.Apparatus6.1 In the development of this test method,it was noted thatvariations,particularly with respect to glassware and filtermedia,can affect the test result significantly.6.2 When the user of this test method uses an alternatemembrane filter,it is incumbent upon them to establish that thealternate filter will give equal results.6.3 Precision data were established using the apparatuslisted and a 0.8 m filter pore size.6.4 Membrane Filter.6.5 Borosilicate Filter Holder.6.6 Borosilicate Filtering Flask.6.7 Forceps(plain flat tips,not serrated),6.8 Wash Bottle equipped with 0.8 m membranes.6.9 Analytical Balance,capable of weighing with an accu-racy of 60.1 mg.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved Jan.1,2019.Published February 2019.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4055 04(2013).DOI:10.1520/D4055-04R19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 6.10 Vacuum Source,capable of maintaining a vacuum of255 mm 6 50 mm Hg.6.11 Oven,capable of maintaining 90 C 6 5 C.6.12 Oven Thermometer,ASTM Thermometer 1C.6.13 Aluminum Foil Weighing Dish,about 60 mm in diam-eter.6.14 Desiccator,with calcium chloride.6.15 Mechanical Paint Shaker,three-dimensional.6.16 Volumetric Flask,100 mL with ground-glass or TFE-fluorocarbon stopper.6.17 Ionizing Unit,insert under or next to balance pan.7.Reagent7.1 Pentane,reagent grade or better.(War