ASTM_D_3976_-_22.pdf

Designation:D397622Standard Practice forPreparation of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3976;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for prepa-ration of test samples(including the removal of occluded waterand moisture)of field samples collected from locations such asstreams,rivers,ponds,lakes,and oceans.1.2 These procedures are applicable to the determination ofvolatile,semivolatile,and nonvolatile constituents of sedi-ments.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific precautionary statement,see Note 3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steamin Closed Conduits(Withdrawn 2003)3D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing ProcessStreamsD4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice,refer to Terminologies D1129 and D4410.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Samples collected(see Practice D3370 and GuideD1192)in the field are screened to remove foreign objects priorto homogenization for chemical examination and analysis.Large objects are mechanically removed and small ones areeliminated by sieving the sample through a 10-mesh(2 mmopenings)sieve.4.2 Wet,sieved samples are mixed for preliminaryhomogenization,then allowed to settle to remove most of theoccluded water.4.3 Moisture determinations are made on separate samplesfrom those analyzed for volatile or semivolatile constituents.4.4 Analyses for volatile constituents are made using wet,settled samples from which supernatant liquid has been re-moved by decantation.The results are corrected to those thatwould have been obtained on samples dried to constant weightat 105 C 6 2 C,on the basis of a moisture determinationusing a separate sample.4.5 Analyses for semivolatile constituents(for example,mercury)are made on samples previously dried at a tempera-ture found to be adequate for the purpose,and specified in thecorresponding analytical procedure.4.6 Analyses for nonvolatile constituents are made onsamples previously dried to constant weight at 105 C 6 2 C.4.7 A flow diagram,outlining typical procedures,is shownin Fig.1.5.Significance and Use5.1 The chemical analysis of sediments,collected from suchlocations as streams,rivers,ponds,lakes,and oceans canprovide information of environmental significance.5.2 Sediment samples are inherently heterogeneous in thatthey contain occluded water in varying and unpredictableamounts and may contain foreign objects or material notordinarily considered as sediment,the inclusion of whichwould result in inaccurate analysis.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved May 1,2022.Published June 2022.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3976 92(2015).DOI:10.1520/D3976-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.15.3 Standard methods for separating foreign objects tofacilitate homogenization will minimize errors due to poormixing and inclusion of extraneous material.5.4 Standardized procedures for drying provide