ASTM_D_3966_-_D_3966M_-_22.pdf

Designation:D3966/D3966M22Standard Test Methods forDeep Foundation Elements Under Static Lateral Load1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3966/D3966M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure thelateral deflection of an individual vertical or inclined deepfoundation element or group of elements when subjected tostatic lateral loading.These methods apply to all deepfoundations,or deep foundation systems as they are practical totest.The individual components of which are referred to hereinas elements that function as,or in a manner similar to,drilledshafts,micropiles,cast-in-place piles(augered-cast-in-placepiles,barrettes,and slurry walls),driven piles,such as pre-castconcrete piles,timber piles or steel sections(steel pipes orH-beams)or any number of other element types,regardless oftheir method of installation.Although the test methods may beused for testing single elements or element groups,the testresults may not represent the long-term performance of theentire deep foundation system.1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for test-ing deep foundation elements under static lateral load.Projectplans,specifications,provisions,or any combination thereofmay provide additional requirements and procedures as neededto satisfy the objectives of a particular test program.Theengineer in charge of the foundation design,referred to hereinas the foundation engineer,shall approve any deviations,deletions,or additions to the requirements of this standard.(exception:the test load applied to the testing apparatus shallnot exceed the rated capacity established by the engineer whodesigned the testing apparatus).1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated“optional”may produce different test results and may be used only whenapproved by the foundation engineer.The word“shall”indi-cates a mandatory provision,and the word“should”indicatesa recommended or advisory provision.Imperative sentencesindicate mandatory provisions.1.4 The foundation engineer should interpret the test resultsobtained from the procedures of this standard to predict theactual performance and adequacy of elements used in theconstructed foundation.1.5 An engineer(qualified to perform such work)shalldesign and approve all loading apparatus,loaded members andsupport frames.The foundation engineer shall design orspecify the test procedures.The text of this standard referencesnotes and footnotes,which provide explanatory material.Thesenotes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shallnot be considered as requirements of the standard.Thisstandard also includes illustrations and appendices intendedonly for explanatory or advisory use.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units.In this system,the poundlbf represents a unit of force weight,while the unit for massis slug.The rationalized slug unit is not given,unless dynamicF=ma calculations are involved.1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected,recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering data.1.9 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated,or recorded in this standard is not directly related tothe accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or otheruses,or both.How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its scope.1.10 This standard offers an organized collection of infor-mation or a series of options and does not recommend aspecific course of action.This document cannot replace edu-cation or experience and should be used in conjunction with1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on DeepFoundations.Cu