ASTM_D_2983_-_09.pdf

Designation:D298309Standard Test Method forLow-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured byBrookfield Viscometer1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2983;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscom-eters of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of lubricants.The test is applied over theviscosity range of 500 to 900 000 mPas within a low tempera-ture range appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head.31.2 The range of viscosity used to generate the precisiondata for this test method was from 1000 to 900 000 mPas.Appendix X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifi-cally targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500 to 1700 mPas.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3.1 The test method uses the SI unit,milliPascal-second(mPas),as the unit of viscosity.(1 cP=1 mPas).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for LiquidPetroleum ProductsD5133 Test Method for Low Temperature,Low Shear Rate,Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating OilsUsing a Temperature-Scanning TechniqueE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 European Procedure:5CEC L18-A-803.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 apparent viscositydynamic viscosity determined bythis test method.Apparent viscosity may vary with the spindlespeed(shear rate)of the Brookfield viscometer if the lubricantis non-Newtonian.See Appendix X1 for a brief explanation.3.1.2 reference viscosityviscosity of a Newtonian standardreference fluid specified at each of several user-specifiedtemperatures.Reference viscosities of typical standard refer-ence fluids are listed in Appendix X2.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 An oleaginous fluid sample is preheated,allowed tostabilize at room temperature,and then poured to a predeter-mined depth into a glass cell and an insulated or uninsulatedspindle inserted through a special stopper and suspended by aclip.The contained sample is cooled to a predeterminedtemperature for 16 h and analyzed by a Brookfield viscometerand,depending on the viscometer model used,the viscosity ofthe test fluid is read directly from the viscometer or theresultant torque reading is used to calculate the viscosity of theoil at the temperature chosen.5.Significance and Use5.1 The low-temperature,low-shear-rate viscosity of auto-matic transmission fluids,gear oils,torque and tractor fluids,and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils(see Annex A4)are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Aug.1,2009.Published November 2009.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D298304a.DOI:10.1520/D2983-09.2Brookfield viscometer and accessories are a trademark of Brookfield Engineer-ing Laboratories,Inc.,11 Commerce Blvd.,Middleboro,MA 02346,.3Selby,T.W.,“Automatic Transmission Fluid Viscosity at Low-Temperaturesand Its Effect on Transmission Performance,”Transactions,Society of AutomotiveEngineers,Vol.68,1960,pp.457-465.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from The Coordinating European Council for the Development ofPerformance Tests for Fuels,Lubricants and Other Fluids,Madou Plaza,25th floor,Place Madou 1,B 1210,Brussels,Belgium,www.cectests.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 mechanical devices.Measurement of the viscometric proper-ties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used tospecify their acceptance for service.This test method is used ina number of specifications.5.2 This test method describes how to measure apparentviscosity directly without the errors associated with earliertechniques using extrapolation of experimental viscometricdata obtained at higher temperatures.NOTE1Low temperature viscosity values