ASTM_D_3650_-_93_2011.pdf

Designation:D365093(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forComparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils ByFluorescence Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3650;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the comparison of waterbornepetroleum oils with oils from possible sources by means offluorescence spectroscopy(1).2Useful references for this testmethod include:(2)and(3)for fluorescence analysis in generaland(4),(5),and(6)for oil spill identification includingfluorescence.1.2 This test method is applicable to crude or refinedpetroleum products,for any sample of neat oil,waterborne oil,or sample of oil-soaked material.Unless the samples arecollected soon after the spill occurs,it is not recommended thatvolatile fuels such as gasoline,kerosine,and No.1 fuel oils beanalyzed by this test method,because their fluorescencesignatures change rapidly with weathering.Some No.2 fueloils and light crude oils may only be identifiable up to 2 daysweathering,or less,depending on the severity of weathering.Ingeneral,samples weathered up to 1 week may be identified,although longer periods of weathering may be tolerated forheavy residual oils,oil weathered under Arctic conditions,oroil that has been protected from weathering by collecting in athick layer.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil SamplesD3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identificationof Waterborne OilsD3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne OilsD4489 Practices for Sampling of Waterborne OilsE131 Terminology Relating to Molecular SpectroscopyE275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance ofUltraviolet and Visible SpectrophotometersE520 Practice for Describing Photomultiplier Detectors inEmission and Absorption Spectrometry3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology D1129,Practice D3415,andTerminology E131.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of fluorescence analyses ofdilute solutions of oil in spectroquality cyclohexane.In mostcases the emission spectra,with excitation at 254 nm,over thespectral range from 280 to 500 nm,are adequate for matching.4.2 Identification of the sample is made by direct visualcomparison of the samples spectrum with the spectra frompossible source samples.NOTE1When weathering has occurred,it may be necessary toconsider known weathering trends when matching spectra(Fig.1 and Fig.2).5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful for rapid identification ofwaterborne petroleum oil samples as well as oil samples1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1978.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3650 93(2006).DOI:10.1520/D3650-93R11.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of thistest method.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 obtained from fuel or storage tanks,or from sand,vegetation,or other substrates.This test method is applicable to weatheredand unweathered neat oil samples.5.2 The unknown oil is identified through the comparison ofthe fluorescence spectrum of the oil with the spectra(obtainedat similar instrumental settings on the same instrument)ofpossible source samples.A match of the entire spectrumbetween the unknown and possible source sample indicates acommon source.6.Interferences6.1 The fluorescence spectrum will be distorted if an oilsample has been contaminated by an appreciable amount,forexample,1%of common chemical impurities such as otheroils that are fluorescent on excitation at 254 nm.NOTE2Storage of samples in improper containers(for example,plastics)may result in contamination