ASTM_D_2960_-_05.pdf

Designation:D 2960 05Standard Guide forControlled Laundering Test Using Naturally Soiled Fabricsand Household Appliances1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2960;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers a testing technique that may be usedfor comparing the cleaning and whitening or brighteningperformance of home laundering products or home launderingprocedures.This testing is done on naturally soiled familyitems in home laundering equipment in a laboratory undercontrolled conditions on a paired comparison basis.As many asfour detergents have been put into order by evaluating the setof matched garments two at a time.Use the standards refer-enced in Section 2 if instrumental readings in addition tohuman panelists are desired.1.2 There is no single assessment that will give the overallperformance of laundry product.A single test can only predicthow products compare under the particular conditions chosenfor evaluation and cannot be expected to reflect their compara-tive performance under the many other possible conditions ofuse.A series of assessments is always necessary in order toevaluate the many aspects of product performance.While thereare laboratory methods of measuring individual aspects ofperformance(for example,redeposition,solubility),it is nec-essary to conduct confirming tests under controlled but prac-tical home laundering conditions to simulate consumer expe-rience more closely.1.2.1 Among the variables that can affect the performanceof home laundering products or procedures and that shall beconsidered in designing tests for their evaluation are:type offiber,fabric construction,fabric finish,types of items to bewashed,load size,kind and level of soils or stains,waterhardness,water temperature,pretreatments,the presence ofvarious laundering aids,the concentration of products in thelaundering solution,sequence of addition of products,water,laundry,wash time,rate and type of agitation,spin speed,drying or ironing methods,and conditions under which theitems are judged.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 3050 Guide for Measuring Soil Removal fromArtificiallySoiled Fabrics(Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)E 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurements of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surements by Tristimulus(Filter)Colorimetry2.2ANSI Standards:3L14.175 Reflectance,Blue and Whiteness of Bleached Fab-ricZ224.1(AHAM HLW-1)AHAM Household Washer Per-formance Evaluation Procedure3.Summary of Guide3.1 This guide consists of comparing matched loads oflaundry through a series of soiling and washing cycles.Thewashings are performed by using predetermined concentrationsof the two or more detergents or two or more laundry additives,or both,and predetermined but identical water temperaturesand water hardness conditions in the same machine or inmatched machines.If more than one machine is used,it isrecommended that the loads and machines be rotated.Thelaundry bundle from each family is separated into two or morematched loads.All loads are to have been soiled in the same1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soap andOther Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.25 onConsumer Standards.Current edition approved May 1,2005.Published June 2005.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 2960 98.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute,11 W.42nd St.,13thFloor,New York,NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.time period by each family.A judgment of relative perfor-mance is made at the end of each laundering cycle.It isgenerally necessary to continue for at least ten cycles toascertain whether or not a significant difference exists.3.2 This multicycle test may minimize or exaggerate thetrue relationship of the sever