ASTM_D_3248_-_73_1984_scan.pdf

4t Designation:D 3248-73(Reapproved 1984)Standard Test Method for COEFFICIENT OF STATIC FRICTION OF CORRUGATED AND SOLID FIBERBOARD(INCLINED PLANE METHOD)This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3248;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year or original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.I.Scope I.I This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of static friction of corrugated and solid fiberboard or of the materials used to make such board.1.2 The inclined plane is raised until sliding begins.The coefficient of friction is equal to the tangent of the angle at which sliding begins.1.3 A horizontal plane method is described in Test Method 0 3247.Either method gives essen-tially equivalent results.The choice of approach depends on the equipment available and the means of measurement.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous ma-terials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety prob-lems associated with its use.It is the responsibil-ity of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the app/icabilit y of regulatory I imi-tations prior to use.2.Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:0 585 Method of Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper,Paperboard,Fiber-board,or Related Product 0685 Method of Conditioning Paper and Pa-per Products for Testing2 02534 Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coatings3 03247 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction of Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard(Horizontal Plane Method)2.2 Special.Technical Publication:STP 335 Manual for Conducting an lnterlab-oratory Study ofa Test Method 544 3.Significance and Use 3.1 The coefficient of friction of corrugated and solid fiberboard indicates how containers made from that board will perform in many critical applications.A high coefficient of friction of one surface of board to itself means that containers having that surface will tend to resist sliding in unit loads.A low coefficient may in-dicate potential problems with the containers slipping from the load.3.2 The coefficient of friction test is empirical.It describes the condition of that surface at the moment of test.This may or may not relate to the condition of the surface in use.Nevertheless,the test results are useful in determining the properties of the surface tested.Its condition will depend upon the historical treatment of the sur-face.Because the previous history is unknown,measurement is not made until the third slide.Experience has shown that variability is greatly reduced after the second slide.4.Definitions 4.1 coefficient of friction-the ratio of the fric-tional force resisting movement of the surface being tested to the force applied normal to that surface(the weight of the material above that surface).4.2 kinetic coefficient-the ratio of the force 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com-mittee).JO on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee DJ0.17 on Paper and Paperboard Products.Current edition approved Sept.27,J 973.Published October 1973.2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.3 Annual Book of ASTM Slandards,Vol 05.02.4 Available from ASTM Headquarters,1916 Race St.,Phil-adelphia,PA 19103.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.filll D 3247 APPENDIX XI.RELATION TO KINETIC COEFFICIENT X 1.1 The kinetic coefficient is not measured in this method.The static coefficient is usually of greater im-portance.For most corrugated and solid fiberboard and their component;the static and kinetic coefficients are usually related to each other(that is,a surface with high static coefficient will usually have a high(relatively)kinetic coefficient).Not all surfaces,particularly those with some surface treatment such as wax,retain this relationship and therefore if it is desirable to know the kinetic coefficient,it should be measured.Test Method D 2534 describes how to measure the kinetic coefficient for waxed coatings.The American Society for Tl?sting and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any paLem righls asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent righls,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision al any time by Lhe responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addrl!ssed to ASTM Headquaners