ASTM_D_3591_-_22.pdf

Designation:D359122Standard Test Method forDetermining Logarithmic Viscosity Number of Poly(VinylChloride)(PVC)in Formulated Compounds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3591;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loga-rithmic viscosity number of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)ho-mopolymers after compounding or processing.1.2 It is the basic assumption of this technique that theformulation of the compounded resin is known and that anyadditives present can be separated from the resin by extractionwith diethyl ether.This is necessary to permit adjustment of theamount of sample used in the test to give a resin concentrationin cyclohexanone of 0.2 6 0.002 g/100 mL.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3 and 8.4.1.NOTE1This test method and ISO 1628-2 are not equivalent.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for GlassCapillary Kinematic ViscometersD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of VinylChloride PolymersD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for the Use of InternationalSystem of Units(SI)2.2 ISO Standard:1628-2 PlasticsDetermination of Viscosity Number andLimiting Viscosity NumberPart 2:Poly(Vinyl Chlo-ride)Resins33.Terminology3.1 Units and symbols used in this test method are thoserecommended in IEEE/ASTM SI-10.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms pertaining to plas-tics used in this test method,refer to Terminology D883.Fordefinitions of abbreviations used in this test method,refer toTerminology D1600,unless otherwise indicated.For defini-tions of terms that appear in this test method relating to qualityand statistics,refer to Terminology E456.3.2.1 The term logarithmic viscosity number is defined bythe equation is 9.1.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is pressed into a thin film and extracted toremove the plasticizer.4.2 The plasticizer-free film is dissolved in cyclohexanoneand centrifuged to remove insoluble matter.4.3 The viscosity of the cyclohexanone solution is measuredin accordance with Test Method D1243.5.Significance and Use5.1 The logarithmic viscosity number provides informationon the effect of compounding or processing of PVC.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved Sept.1,2022.Published September 2022.Originallyapproved in 1977.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D3591 17.DOI:10.1520/D3591-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.15.2 Exposure of PVC compositions to shear or to hightemperatures can result in a change in the logarithmic viscositynumber of the resin.6.Apparatus6.1 Centrifuge,capable of 2500 rpm with 100-mL samplecontainer.6.2 Heated Hydraulic Press,capable of 620-kN ram forceand a temperature of 165C.6.3 Soxhlet Extrac