ASTM_D_3247_-_73_1984_scan.pdf

Designation:D 3247-73(Reapproved 1984)Standard Test Method for COEFFICIENT OF STATIC FRICTION OF CORRUGATED AND SOLID FIBERBOARD(HORIZONTAL PLANE METHOD)1 Ti stondanl.is iuu under the filcd.tion D 3247;the number immediately followinatfle dtsi&Ntion lndiau:s lhe yar of on.,nl adopnon d,n llle caJC of rEWIIIQn,the yar or lui revision.A numbct in Jllthc:sa indietes the yur or IAR rcapproval 1 1uprncrlpt epsilon(o)ndntes n cditorill chanac since the last revision or PPIOI81.t.Scope I.I This test method covers the detennination of the coefficient of static friction of corrupted and.solid fiberboard or of the materials used to make such board.1.2 The horizontal instrument requires some means of movement of the specimen in relation to the surface upon which it rests.The coefficient of friction is measured directly from the resist-ance to that force and the applied weight.1.3 An inclined plane method is described in Test Method D 3248.Either method&ives essen-tially equivalent results.The choice of approach depends on the equipment available and the means of measurement.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous ma terials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety prob-lems associaJed with its use.It is the responsibil-ity of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriare safety a1d health practices ad determitre the applicability of regulaJory limi-tations prior to use.2.Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:D 5 85 Method of Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper,Paperboard,Fiber-board,or Related Product2 D 685 Methpd of Conditioning Paper and Pa-per Products for Testing1 D 2534 Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coalill8S)D 3248 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction of Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard(Inclined Plane Method)2 540 2.2 Special Technical PublicaJion:STP 335 Manual for Conducting an Inter-laboratory Study of a Test Method 3.Slpific:ance aad Use 3.1 The coefficient of friction of corrugated and solid fiberboard indicates how containers made from that board will perfomt in many critical applications.A hip coefficient of friction of one surface of board to itself means that containers having that surface will tend to resist sliding in unit loads.A low coefficient may in-dicate potential problems with the containers slipping from the load.3.2 The coefficient of friction test is empirical.It describes the condition of that surface at the moment of test.This may or may not relate to the condition of the surface in use.Nevertheless,the test results are useful in detennining the properties of the surface tested.Its condition will depend upon the historical treatment of the sur-face.Because the previous history is unknown,measurement is not made until the third slide.Experience has shown that variability is greatly reduced after the second slide:.4.Definitions 4.1 coefficielll of friction-the ratio of the fric-tional force resisting movement of the surface being tested to the force applied normal to that 1hn lest mc1hod Is llmkr the jurisdiction or AnM Com-mince).10 on Padq;JII and is the dirm responsibility of Subcommictee 010.11 on and Paperboard ProdiiCU.CUm:nt edicioa approved Stpt.27,l97l.PubliWd Ottobet 1973.l AnniiG!Boolr.of ASIM Slontlturh.Vol I 5.09.J AMNIII Boolr.qf ASTM Suutt/4rdJ,Vol 05.02.A Yaillble from ASTM Hadqlllltm,1916 Race St.Phil-lldclphia.PA 19103.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.surface(the wc1 ght of the material above that surface).4.2 kmetic coefficient-the rutio of the force resisting motion of the surface once the motion IS In prOgKSS.Nan!1-Kinc:tit coc:fficienl i5 not dctc:nnined in this method(Appcndi XI).4.3 static,or:ffidelllthe ratio of the force resisting initild motion of the surface.5.Apparatus(Fig.I)S.t/nstrumenl Table-A horizontal plane surface of a smooth incompressible material(metal,hard wood,plate xJass,or plastic),havin&a width at least I in.(25 mm)wider than the test sled(5.2)with means of leveling it in two direc-tions.The base serves as a support for the st of the mechanism.When placed on a solid support,the instrument must be free of vibration.5.2 Sled.or specimen block,having a bottom area of at least 3 in.1(20 cm2)smoothly finished to exert a pressure of 0.50 0.25 psi(3.44 1.12 kPa)on the horizontal surface.A sled 2.5 by 2.5 in(62.5 by 62.5 mm)weighing 31b(1.36 kg)has been found to be satisfactory.Means are provided for clamping the specimen to the block,also for fastcnins the sled ao the force measuring device.S.J Mechanical Power Unit-Means for mov-ing the specimen block horizontally along the instrument table or the horizontal table under the specimen block at a speed of 6.0 1.0 in./min.(2.54 0.42 mm/s).This unit must not transmit vibration to the instrument table.The unit is connected to the sled or table with some kind ofmelastic linkage