中央空调分户计费系统设计和实现 计算机专业.docx

摘要 能源和环境问题一直是困扰当今世界发展的两大问题,也一直是我国经济工作的战略重点。当今，由于建筑能源的大量浪费造成了严重的环境问题。在集中供热供冷的建筑中推行集中供热供冷计费是节约能源和保护环境的迫切要求，它通过“多用多付，少用少付”的原则促进用户主动地节约集中供热供冷的能耗，同时也有利于环境的保护。但目前流行的“时间面积分配法”热能分配方案，其分配的原则只依据使用热能的时间和使用热能的面积来计算。可在实际情况中，不同的用户在不同的时间取暖，即使采暖的时间相同，他们获取的热能也可能不相同，仅仅用采暖时间的长短来判断获取热能的多少是片面的。因此，设计一种更为合理的热能分配方案在中央空调分户计费系统中显得尤为重要。 本文设计一种热能实时实效面积分配方法，首先对用户面积进行修正，获得该用户实效面积；其次各个用户在用房间实效面积占全部用户在用房间实效面积的比值，对该供热区域该单位时间总热能表即时热能值进行实时分配，得出各用户在该单位时间内实时分配热能值；最后将某一时刻至另一时刻内所有连续的单位时间每一个用户所分配的实时分配热能值累计，得出用户该时间段内分配的总热能值，作为供热计量收费的依据。 根据提出的热能分配方法，设计并开发中央空调分户计费系统。具体对系统的总体设计、功能需求分析、非功能需求分析、开发环境进行阐述，完成系统的总体框架和功能设计，详细对数据采集模块、计费管理模块、统计查询模块、小区管理模块、系统管理模块的功能以及对应的数据库进行了设计，用代码实现了相关功能。最后对系统进行功能测试和性能测试。该系统可以满足小区管理员对所属小区所有住户中央空调能耗费用的管理，经过测试，效果良好，达到了预期设计目标，验证本文的研究成果。本系统在复杂的日常业务工作中稳定运行，给工作带来了诸多便利。 关键词：中央空调；计费；热能；住户 Abstract Energy and environmental issues have always been two major problems that have plagued the development of today's world, and have always been the strategic focus of China's economic work. Today, serious environmental problems are caused by the massive waste of building energy. In the central heating and cooling buildings, the implementation of centralized heating and cooling billing is an urgent requirement for energy conservation and environmental protection. It promotes users to actively save central heating through the principle of “multiple use, more use, less use and less payment”. Cold energy consumption is also conducive to environmental protection. However, the current "time area allocation method" thermal energy distribution scheme, the principle of distribution is based only on the time of using thermal energy and the area of using thermal energy. In actual situations, different users can warm at different times. Even if the heating time is the same, the heat energy they obtain may be different. It is only one-sided to judge the amount of heat energy obtained by the length of heating time. Therefore, designing a more reasonable thermal energy distribution scheme is particularly important in the central air-conditioning household billing system. In this paper, a real-time effective area allocation method for thermal energy is designed. Firstly, the user area is corrected to obtain the effective area of the user. Secondly, the effective area of each user in the room is the ratio of the effective area of the user in the room. The unit in the heating area. The real-time heat energy value of the time total heat energy meter is distributed in real time, and the real-time distributed heat energy value allocated by each user in the unit time is calculated from the real-time distributed heat energy value of each user in a continuous unit time from one time to another time. Accumulated, the total heat energy value allocated by the user during the time period is obtained as the basis for the heating metering charge. According to the proposed thermal energy distribution method, the central air-conditioning household billing system is designed and developed. Specifically, the overall design, functional requirements analysis, non-functional requirements analysis, and development environment of the system are elaborated, and the overall framework and functional design of the system are completed. The data acquisition module, the billing management module, the statistical query module, the community management module, and the system are detailed. The functions of the management module and the corresponding database are designed, and related functions are realized by code. Finally, the system is tested for functional and performance. The system can meet the management of the central air-conditioning energy consumption of all households in the residential community by the community administrator. After testing, the effect is good, and the expected design goal is achieved, and the research results of this paper are verified. The system runs stably in complex daily business work, bringing a lot of convenience to the work. Keywords：Central air conditioning; billing; thermal energy; households 47 目 录 摘要 I Abstract II 1绪论 1 1.1研究的背景与意义 1 1.2文献综述 2 1.2.1国外研究现状 2 1.2.2国内研究现状 3 1.2.3国内外发展现状的动态评述 5 1.3本文主要解决的问题 5 1.4本文创新点 6 1.5本文研究框架 7 2热能实时实效面积分配方法模型设计 8 2.1热能实时实效面积特点 8 2.2热能实时实效面积分配方法模型构建 9 2.3热能实时实效面积分配优势 10 2.4本章小结 11 3系统需求分析 12 3.1系统目标 12 3.2系统用户 13 3.3系统功能需求 13 3.4系统非功能需求 15 3.5系统开发工具与平台介绍 15 3.6本章小结 17 4系统设计 18 4.1系统总体设计 18 4.1.1系统架构设计 18 4.1.2系统功能设计 19 4.1.3系统拓扑结构设计 20 4.2系统功能设计 20 4.2.1数据采集模块设计 20 4.2.2计费管理模块设计 21 4.2.3统计查询模块设计 23 4.2.4小区管理模块设计 24 4.2.5系统管理模块设计 25 4.3系统数据库设计 27 4.3.1物理结构设计 27 4.3.2数据库表设计 30 4.4本章小结 31 5系统实现 32 5.1开发环境 32 5.1.1软件开发环境 32 5.1.2硬件开发环境 32 5.2系统实现效果 32 5.2.1系统主界面 32 5.2.2系统参数设置界面 33 5.2.3小区信息管理界面 34 5.2.4用户充值缴费界面 36 5.2.5查询统计界面 37 5.3本章小结 37 6系统测试 38 6.1测试目标与要求 38 6.2测试方法 38 6.3测试用例 39 6.4性能测试 41 6.5本章小结 41 结论 43 致谢 44 参考文献 45 1绪论 本章针对中央空调分户计费系统的写作背景进行了阐述，同时针对我国当前在中央空调分户计费的研究背景与意义进行具体分析，在分析的基础上对当前国内外相关问题的研究进行了梳理，并对本研究所涉及的问题进行了具体陈述，最