ASTM_D_3415_-_98_2011.pdf

Designation:D341598(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forIdentification of Waterborne Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3415;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers the broad concepts of sampling andanalyzing waterborne oils for identification and comparisonwith suspected source oils.Detailed procedures are referencedin this practice.A general approach is given to aid theinvestigator in planning a program to solve the problem ofchemical characterization and to determine the source of awaterborne oil sample.1.2 This practice is applicable to all waterborne oils takenfrom water bodies,either natural or man-made,such as openoceans,estuaries or bays,lakes,rivers,smaller streams,canals;or from beaches,marshes,or banks lining or edging thesewater systems.Generally,the waterborne oils float on thesurface of the waters or collect on the land surfaces adjoiningthe waters,but occasionally these oils,or portions,are emul-sified or dissolved in the waters,or are incorporated into thesediments underlying the waters,or into the organisms livingin the water or sediments.1.3 This practice as presently written proposes the use ofspecific analytical techniques described in the referencedASTM standards.As additional techniques for characterizingwaterborne oils are developed and written up as test methods,this practice will be revised.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil SamplesD3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identificationof Waterborne OilsD3328 Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3414 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils by Infrared SpectroscopyD3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils By Fluorescence AnalysisD4489 Practices for Sampling of Waterborne OilsD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5037 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petro-leum Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(Withdrawn 2002)3D5739 Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by GasChromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact LowResolution Mass SpectrometryE620 Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Tech-nical Experts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 waterborne oilany oil,whether or not derived frompetroleum,carried by a water system(for example,ocean,bay,lake,river,etc.)usually at the surface but occasionally emul-sified or dissolved in the water.The waterborne oil can also befound on beaches or banks edging the water body,in thesediments underlying the water,or in the organisms living inthe water or in the sediments.3.2 DefenitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thispractice,refer to Terminology D1129,and to Practices D3325,D3326,D4489,and D5739,and Test Methods D3328,D3650,and D5037.4.Significance and Use4.1 Oil from one crude oil field is readily distinguishablefrom another,and differences in the makeup of oils from thesame crude oil field can often be observed as well.Refined oilsare fractions from crude oil stocks,usually derived fromdistillation processes.Two refined oils of the same type differbecause of dissimilarities in the characteristics of their crude1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1975.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3415 98(2004).DOI:10.1520/D3415-98R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 oil feed stocks as well as variations in refinery processes andany subsequent contact with other oils mixed in during transferoperations from residues in tanks,ships,pipes,hoses,and soforth.Thus,all petroleum oils,to some extent,have chemicalcompositions different from each other.4.2 Identification of a recovered oil is determined by com-parison with known oils selected