ASTM_D_3387_-_11.pdf

Designation:D338711Standard Test Method forCompaction and Shear Properties of Bituminous Mixturesby Means of the U.S.Corps of Engineers Gyratory TestingMachine(GTM)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3387;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This method employs a testing machine(Fig.1)thatgenerates a precisely controlled gyratory kneading processwhich is used to prepare and test specimens of bituminouspaving mixtures.This method is intended for use in bituminousmixtures design and control testing as well as acceleratedtraffic simulation.The objective is to compact to the ultimate inplace density under the anticipated vertical stress while moni-toring the process in terms of unit mass,and shearing resis-tance including the plastic properties.Particular attention isgiven to the development of the plastic properties associatedwith the compaction phenomenon.The maximum permissiblebitumen content is indicated directly by the first evidence of aprogressive increase in shear strain(as indicated by a progres-sive increase in the gyratory angle)accompanied by a progres-sive reduction in shear strength(as indicated by a progressivereduction in roller pressure.)The procedures described here arefor mix design and plant control as well as accelerated trafficsimulation.1.2 This test method covers two separate modes of opera-tion of the Gyratory Testing Machine(GTM),namely:(1)GTM oil-filled roller mode;and(2)GTM air-filled roller mode.With the air filled roller,the GTM machine angle variesaccording to the resistance encountered during the gyratorykneading process.Thus the GTM using the air-filled roller isconsidered a better mechanical analog of the interactionbetween pneumatic tire and pavement structure.1.3 This test method is for use with mixtures containingasphalt cement,asphalt binder cutback asphalt,asphalt emul-sion.Test molds are available in 4-in.(101.6 mm),6-in.(152.4 mm),and 8-in.(203.2 mm)diameters with correspondingheight of 8-in(203.2 mm),10-in.(254.0 mm),and 12-in.(304.8mm)respectively.These molds can accommodate maximumparticle sizes of 1 in.(25.4 mm)1.5-in.(38.1 mm)and 2.0-in.(50.8 mm)respectively.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in inch pound units are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with itsuse.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Critical roller pressure,pthe roller pressure re-quired for a Gyratory Shear Factor(GSF)equal to unity.Thatis,the roller pressure when SG=max.(See Annex A1.)3.1.2 Equilibrium densitydensity when a rate of densifi-cation of 1 lb/ft3(16 kg/m3)per 100 revolutions of the GTMroller carriage is reached.This rate of densification is intendedto duplicate the ultimate in place density.3.1.3 Gyratory Anglemeasure of the magnitude of thegyratory strain.Four pertinent angles are defined as follows:3.1.3.1 Machine angle(machine setting)0.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.26 onFundamental/Mechanistic Tests.Current edition approved Aug.1,2011.Published September 2011.Originallyapproved in 1974.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3387 03.DOI:10.1520/D3387-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 FIG.1 Largest Model of Gyratory Testing MachineD3387 112 3.1.3.2 Minimum gyratory angle or shear strain min.3.1.3.3 Maximum gyratory angle or shear strain max.3.1.3.4 Final gyratory angle f.This is the angle at theconclusion of test.3.1.4 Gyratory Compactibility Index(GCI)the ratio of theunit mass(total mix)at 30 revolutions of the GTM t