ASTM_D_4402_-_D_4402M_-_15.pdf

Designation:D4402/D4402M15Standard Test Method forViscosity Determination of Asphalt at ElevatedTemperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4402/D4402M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring theapparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260C 100 to 500Fusing a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlledthermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.See 10.6 forspecific precautionary information.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometersE1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Ther-mometersE2975 Test Method for Calibration of Concentric CylinderRotational Viscometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 apparent viscosity,nthe ratio of shear stress to shearrate for a Newtonian or non-Newtonian liquid.3.1.2 filled asphalt,nan asphalt blend that contains finelydispersed insoluble mineral matter.3.1.3 Newtonian liquid,na liquid for which the rate ofshear is proportional to the shearing stress.The constant ratioof the shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of theliquid.The viscosity of a Newtonian liquid is therefore notdependent on its shear rate.If the ratio is not constant,theliquid is non-Newtonian.Many liquids exhibit both Newtonianand non-Newtonian behavior,depending on the shear rate ortemperature,or both.3.1.4 shear rate,nthe measure of the speed at which theintermediate layers of the liquid move with respect to eachother.Its unit of measure is the reciprocal second(sec-1).3.1.5 shear stress,nthe force per unit area required toproduce the shearing action.Its SI unit of measurement is thepascal,and its cgs unit of measurement is dynes/cm2.3.1.6 viscosity,nthe ratio between the applied shear stressand the rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity.Thiscoefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid.The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal second(Pas).Thecentimetre gram second(cgs)unit of viscosity is the poise(dynes/cm2)and is equivalent to 0.1 Pas.Frequently,centi-poise(cP)equal to one millipascal second(mPas)is usedas the viscosity unit.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparatus-measuring geometry,nthe part of theequipment that is immersed in the asphalt sample,the dimen-sions of which are used,in conjunction with the rotationalresisting torque,to calculate the apparent viscosity.Thisgeometry may be referred to by the equipment manufacturer asa spindle,bob,inner concentric cylinder,vane,and so forth.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Arotational viscometer,as described in this test method,is used to measure the apparent viscosity of asphalt at elevatedtemperatures.The torque on the apparatus-measuringgeometry,rotating in a thermostatically controlled sampleholder containing a sample of asphalt,is used to measure the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 onSurfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-upRoofing.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4402/D4402M 13.DOI:10.1520/D4402_D4402M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 relative resistance to rotation.The torque and speed are used todetermine the viscosity of the asphalt in pascal seconds,millipascal seconds,or centipoise.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparentviscosity of asphalts at handling,mixing,or application tem-peratures.5.2 Some asphalts may exhibit non-Newtonian behaviorunder the conditions of this test method,or at te