ASTM_D_322_-_97_2016.pdf

Designation:D32297(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forGasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils byDistillation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D322;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount ofdilution in crankcase oils of engines when gasoline has beenused as the fuel.NOTE1There may be cases in dispute,therefore,the user of this testmethod is advised to establish whether this method will be accepted.Theremay be cases where Test Method D3525 results will be set as the refereevalue.1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to beregarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautionary statement,see 6.4,7.1,and 9.3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 IP Methods for Analyses and Testing,Vol II,Part I33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 fuel diluent,nin used oil analysis,unburnt fuelcomponents that enter the engine crankcase causing dilution ofthe oil.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the fuel diluentcomponents being determined are from gasoline.3.1.2 used oil,nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment(for example,an engine,gearbox,transformer,orturbine)whether operated or not.D41753.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method,used oil is from agasoline engine.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample,mixed with water,is placed in a glass stillprovided with a reflux condenser discharging into a graduatedtrap connected to the still.Heat is applied,and the contents ofthe still are brought to boiling.The diluent in the sample isvaporized with the water and then liquefied in the condenser.The diluent collects at the top of the trap,and the excess waterruns back to the still where it is again vaporized,carrying overan additional quantity of diluent.The boiling is continued untilall the diluent has been boiled out and recovered in the trap.The volume is recorded.5.Significance and Use5.1 Some fuel dilution of the engine oil may take placeduring normal operation.However,excessive fuel dilution is ofconcern in terms of possible performance problems.6.Apparatus6.1 Flask,round-bottom type(see Fig.1 and A1.1).6.2 Condenser,Liebig straight-tube type(see A1.2).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 1930.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D322 97(2012)1.DOI:10.1520/D0322-97R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG 7AR,U.K.,http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.3 Trap,5 mL,graduated in 0.1 mL increments(see Fig.1and Fig.2 and A1.3).6.4 HeaterAny suitable gas burner or electric heater maybe used with the glass flask.(WarningHot exposed surface.Avoid contact by wearing protective equipment as required.)7.Reagents and Materials7.1 Ethanol,Denatured,conforming to either Formula No.30 or 3A of the US Bureau of Internal Revenue.(WarningFlammable.Denatured.Cannot be made non-toxic.)7.2 Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits),conforming toSpecification D235.NOTE2In Annex A1.3,the use of reagent grade heptane may be thepreferred solvent because the use of commerical grade heptane or mineralspirits can cause complications of container disposal that may not berequired for the disposal of the containers for reagent grade heptane.8.Sampling8.1 Obtain a representative sample using either PracticesD4057 or D4177.9.Procedure9.1 Mix the sample thoroughly,measure 25 mL 6 5 mL bymeans of a 25 mL graduated cylinder,and transfer as much aspossible of