ASTM_D_3178_-_89_2002.pdf

Designation:D 3178 89(Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Methods forCarbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal andCoke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3178;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of totalcarbon and hydrogen in samples of coal or coke.Both thecarbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation.Thesetest methods yield the total percentages of carbon and hydro-gen in the coal as analyzed and the results include not only thecarbon and hydrogen in the organic matter,but also the carbonpresent in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in thefree moisture accompanying the sample as well as hydrogenpresent as water of hydration of silicates.NOTE1It is recognized that certain technical applications of the dataderived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections.Thesecorrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbon-ates,the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the sample,and thecalculated hydrogen present as water of hydration of silicates.1.2 When data are converted and reported on the“dry”basis,the hydrogen value is corrected for the hydrogen presentin the free moisture accompanying the sample.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory Analysis2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3D 2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis2D 3173 Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample ofCoal and Coke2D 3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke2D 3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom As-Determined to Different Bases2TOTAL CARBON AND TOTAL HYDROGEN3.Summary of Test Methods3.1 The determination of carbon and hydrogen is made byburning a weighed quantity of sample in a closed system andfixing the products of combustion in an absorption train aftercomplete oxidation and purification from interfering sub-stances.These test methods give the total percentages ofcarbon and hydrogen in the coal as analyzed,and include thecarbon in carbonates and the hydrogen in the moisture and inthe water of hydration of silicates.4.Significance and Use4.1 Carbon and hydrogen values are used to calculate theamount of oxygen(air)required in combustion processes,andin the calculations of efficiency of combustion processes.4.2 Carbon and hydrogen determinations are used in mate-rial balances on coal conversion processes;also one or theother is frequently used in correlations of chemical andphysical properties,such as yields of products in liquefaction,reactivity in gasification,and the density and porosity of coal.5.Sample5.1 The sample shall be the material pulverized to pass No.60(250-m)sieve and well mixed according to Method D 346or Method D 2013.It may be beneficial to grind the ash,pitash,calcined coke and high mineral content materials to pass aNo.100(150-m)sieve.5.2 The test sample shall be weighed just prior to commenc-ing the analysis to minimize chance for moisture change.Achange in moisture content would introduce error in thehydrogen analysis.In order to provide the data necessary tocorrect for the hydrogen present in the moisture and ensuingfinal calculations of both the hydrogen and carbon,a separatesample shall be weighed out at the same time for a moistureanalysis,and analyzed in accordance with Test MethodD 3173.6.Apparatus6.1 Oxygen Purifying Train,consisting of the followingunits arranged as listed in the order of passage of oxygen:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.Current edition approved Sept.29,1989.Published February 1990.Originallypublished as D 3178 73.Last previous edition D 3178 89(1997).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.1.1 First Water AbsorberA container for the solid de-hydrating reagent.It shall be so constructed that the oxygenmust pass through a column of reagent adequate to securewater equilibrium equal to that secured in the prescribedabsorption train.A container of large volume and long path ofoxygen travel through the reagent will be found to be advan-tageous where many carbon and hyd