ASTM_D_3053_-_20a.pdf

Designation:D305320aStandard Terminology Relating toCarbon Black1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions oftechnical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined inother readily available sources are not included.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black,Pelleted Fines andAttritionD1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating LossD1510 Test Method for Carbon BlackIodine AdsorptionNumberD1511 Test Method for Carbon BlackPellet Size Distri-butionD1513 Test Method for Carbon Black,PelletedPour Den-sityD1514 Test Method for Carbon BlackSieve ResidueD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD1618 Test Method for Carbon Black ExtractablesTransmittance of Toluene ExtractD1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used inRubber ProductsD1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD1937 Test Method for Carbon Black,PelletedMassStrengthD2414 Test Method for Carbon BlackOil AbsorptionNumber(OAN)D2663 Test Methods for Carbon BlackDispersion in Rub-berD3265 Test Method for Carbon BlackTint StrengthD3493 Test Method for Carbon BlackOil AbsorptionNumber of Compressed Sample(COAN)D3849 Test Method for Carbon BlackMorphologicalCharacterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-copyD5230 Test Method for Carbon BlackAutomated Indi-vidual Pellet HardnessD6556 Test Method for Carbon BlackTotal and ExternalSurface Area by Nitrogen AdsorptionD6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible CarbonBlack Fugitive Emissions or Other EnvironmentalParticulate,or BothD7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at MeanPressureD8178 Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black(rCB)3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:aciniform,adjshaped like a cluster of grapes.DISCUSSIONThe spheroidal primary particles of carbon black arefused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniformmorphology.carbon black,nan engineered material,primarily composedof elemental carbon,obtained from the partial combustion orthermal decomposition of hydrocarbons,existing as aggre-gates of aciniform morphology which are composed ofspheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity ofprimary particle sizes within a given aggregate3and tur-bostratic layering within the primary particles.DISCUSSIONCarbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphologicalfeatures:particles(that is,primary particles),aggregates,and agglom-erates.While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon BlackNomenclature and Terminology.Current edition approved Nov.1,2020.Published November 2020.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D3053 20.DOI:10.1520/D3053-20A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon blackis thermal black,in which primary particles may exist in isolation and the primaryparticle sizes within an aggregate are not necessarily uniform.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.primary particle,they almost never exist in isolation,but are stronglyfused by covalent bonds into aggregates.3The primary particles areconceptual in nature,in that once the aggregate is formed the primaryparticle no longer exists,they are no longer discrete and have nophysical boundaries amongst them.Once produced,individual aggre-gates join together by van der Waals forces to form agglomerates.Agglomerates do not break down into smaller components unlessadequate force is applied(for example,shear force).Primary particleand aggregate sizes are