ASTM_D_3154_-_14.pdf

Designation:D315414Standard Test Method forAverage Velocity in a Duct(Pitot Tube Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3154;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes measurement of the averagevelocity of a gas stream for the purpose of determining gasflow in a stack,duct,or flue.Although technically complex,itis generally considered the most accurate and often the onlypractical test method for taking velocity measurements.1.2 This test method is suitable for measuring gas velocitiesabove 3 m/s(10 ft/s).1.3 This test method provides procedures for determiningstack gas composition and moisture content.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This test method is applicable to conditions wheresteady-state flow occurs,and for constant fluid conditions,where the direction of flow is normal to the face tube openingof the pitot tube employed in the method.The method cannotbe used for direct measurement when cyclonic or swirling flowconditions are present.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1071 Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gas-eous Fuel SamplesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationD3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determina-tion of Particulate Matter in Stack GasesD3796 Practice for Calibration of Type S Pitot TubesD6522 Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides,Carbon Monoxide,and Oxygen Concentrations in Emis-sions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines,Combustion Turbines,Boilers,and Process Heaters UsingPortable AnalyzersE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer(the Measurement of Wet-and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids2.2 EPA Standards:3EPA-600/9-76-005 Quality Assurance Handbook for AirPollution Measurement Systems.Vol I.PrinciplesEPA-600/4-77-027b Quality Assurance Handbook for AirPollution Measurement Systems.Vol III.StationarySource Specific Methods2.3 ASME Performance Test Code Standards:4PTC 19.10-1968 Flue and Exhaust Gas AnalysisPTC 19.10-1981 Part 10,Flue and Exhaust Measurements:Instruments and ApparatusPTC 38-1980 Determining the Concentration of ParticulateMatter in a Gas Stream2.4 Code of Federal Regulation:340 CFR Part 60 Standards of Performance for StationarySources,Appendix A1,Test Methods 1 through 43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,referto Terminology D1356.3.2 Descriptions of Symbols Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on AmbientAtmospheres and Source Emissions.Current edition approved April 1,2014.Published May 2014.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3154 06.DOI:10.1520/D3154-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASMEInternational Headquarters,Two Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 A=cross-sectional area of stack,m2(ft2).Bws=water vapor in the gas stream,proportion byvolume.Cp=pitot tube coefficient,dimensionless.Ds=internal diameter of stack,cm,(in.).Kp=pitot tube constant:=128.9 m/sFg/g2mol!K!G1/2(SI),=85.49 ft/sFlb/lb2 mol!R!G1/2(inch-pound).m=mean velocity,m/s(ft/s).Md=molecular weight of stack gas,dry basis,g/g mol(lb/lb mol).Ms=molecular weight of stack gas,wet basis,g/g mol(lb/lb mol).Mw=molecular weight of water,18.0 g/g mol(18.0 lb/lb mol).N=number of sampling points across a diam-eter.n=nth sampling point from center of stack.p=velocity head of stack gas,kPa(in.water).Pstatic=static pressure of stack gas,kPa(in.water).Pbar=barometric pressure,kPa(in.Hg).Pm=abso