ASTM_D_4124_-_09_2018.pdf

Designation:D412409(Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forSeparation of Asphalt into Four Fractions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4124;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the separation of four definedfractions from petroleum asphalts.The four fractions aredefined as saturates,naphthene aromatics,polar aromatics,andiso-octane insoluble asphaltenes.This method can also be usedto isolate saturates,naphthene aromatics,and polar aromaticsfrom distillate products such as vacuum gas oils,lubricatingoils,and cycle stocks.These distillate products usually do notcontain asphaltenes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not beendeveloped,this test method is to be used for research orinformational purposes only.Therefore,this standard shouldnot be used for acceptance or rejection of a material forpurchasing purposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials2.2 Other Documents:Manual on Hydrocarbon Analysis33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 asphaltenes or alkane insolublesinsoluble matterthat can be separated from asphalt following digestion of theasphalt in n-alkane(and in some cases,branched alkanes)under the specified conditions in this test method.3.1.2 naphtheneany of a group of hydrocarbon ring com-pounds of the general formula,CnH2n,derivatives of cyclopen-tane and cyclohexane,found in certain petroleum stocks.3.1.3 naphthene aromaticsmaterial that is adsorbed oncalcined CG-20 alumina in the presence of n-heptane,anddesorbed by toluene,after removal of saturates under theconditions specified.3.1.4 petrolenes(also referred to as maltenes)(1)any ofthe constituents of a bitumen,as asphalt,that are soluble inn-alkanes(and in some cases,branched alkanes),whichgenerally range in carbon number between n-C5to n-C10alkanes,n-heptane being the most common solvent used;(2)the low molecular weight alkane-soluble matter recoveredfollowing separation of asphaltenes from the digested mixtureunder the specified conditions described in this and similar testmethods.3.1.5 polar aromatics(resins)material desorbed from cal-cined CG-20 alumina absorbent,after the saturates fraction andnaphthenic aromatics fraction have been removed,using tolu-ene:methanol(50:50,vol:vol)and trichloroethylene eluateunder the conditions specified.3.1.6 saturatesmaterial that,on percolation in an alkaneeluate,is not absorbed on calcined CG-20 alumina absorbentunder the conditions specified.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample containing the four defined fractions is firstseparated into alkane-insoluble asphaltenes and alkane-solublepetrolenes.Petrolenes are then adsorbed onto calcined CG-20alumina and further fractionated into saturate,naphthene1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 inMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Jan.1,2018.Published January 2018.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4124 09.DOI:10.1520/D4124-09R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM as MNL3-6TH-EB.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 aromatic,and polar aromatic fractions by pumping an eluo-tropic series of elution solvents upwards through a glasschromatographic column packed with calcined alumina