ASTM_D_3977_-_97_2019.pdf

Designation:D397797(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Methods forDetermining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3977;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of sedimentconcentrations in water and wastewater samples collected fromlakes,reservoirs,ponds,streams,and other water bodies.Inlakes and other quiescent-water bodies,concentrations ofsediment in samples are nearly equal to concentrations atsampling points;in most instances,sample concentrations arenot strongly influenced by collection techniques.In rivers andother flowing-water bodies,concentrations of sediment insamples depend upon the manner in which the samples arecollected.Concentrations in isokinetically-collected samplescan be multiplied by water discharges to obtain sedimentdischarges in the vicinity of the sampling points.1.2 The procedures given in these test methods are used bytheAgricultural Research Service,Geological Survey,NationalResources Conservation Service,Bureau of Reclamation,andother agencies responsible for studying water bodies.Thesetest methods are adapted from a laboratory-procedure manual2and a quality-assurance plan.31.3 These test methods include:SectionsTest Method AEvaporation8 to 13Test Method BFiltration14 to 19Test Method CWet-Sieving-Filtration20 to 251.4 Test Method A can be used only on sediments that settlewithin the allotted storage time of the samples which usuallyranges from a few days to a few weeks.A correction factormust be applied if dissolved-solids concentration exceedsabout 10%of the sediment concentration.1.5 Test Method B can be used only on samples containingsand concentrations less than about 10 000 ppm and clayconcentrations less than about 200 ppm.The sediment need notbe settleable because filters are used to separate water from thesediment.Correction factors for dissolved solids are notrequired.1.6 Test Method C can be used if two concentration valuesare required:one for sand-size particles and one for thecombination of silt and clay-size particles.The silt-clay frac-tion need not be settleable.1.7 These test methods must not be confused with turbiditymeasurements discussed in Test Method D1889.Turbidity isthe optical property of a sample that causes light rays to bescattered and absorbed;it is not an accurate measure of themass or concentration of sediment in the sample.1.8 These test methods contain some procedures similar tothose in Methods of Test D1888 which pertains to measuringparticulate and dissolved matter in water.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1888 Methods Of Test for Particulate and Dissolved Matter1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 onWater and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published January 2020.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3977 97(2013)1.DOI:10.1520/D3977-97R19.2Guy,H.P.,“Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis,”Tech-niques of Water Resources Investigations,U.S.Geological Survey,Book 5,ChapterC1,1941.3Matthes,W.J.,Jr.,Sholar,C.,J.,and George,J.R.,“Quality-Assurance Plan forthe Analysis of Fluvial Sediment,”U.S.Geological Survey Open File Report,Vol90,1990.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by