ASTM_D_3108_-_D_3108M_-_13.pdf

Designation:D3108/D3108M13Standard Test Method forCoefficient of Friction,Yarn to Solid Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3108/D3108M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the kineticfrictional properties of a moving yarn in contact with a solidmaterial.NOTE1For determining yarn-to-yarn friction,refer to Test MethodD3412.1.2 This test method specifies a relative speed of 100 m/min.The test method may be used at other speeds,although with apossible change in precision and coefficient of friction.1.3 This test method covers the measurement of the coeffi-cient of kinetic friction between yarn and solid surface orsurfaces of constant radius in the contact area.If a yarn ofuniform value is used,comparisons of frictional properties ofdifferent solid materials can be made with relation to that yarn.If a given solid material is used,comparisons of frictionalproperties of different yarns,or yarns with different finishes,can be made with relation to that particular solid material.1.4 This test method specifically recommends wrap anglesof 1.57,3.14 and 6.28 radian(90,180 and 360),but otherwrap angles may be used,again with a possible change inprecision and level.The angle of wrap should not be so great,especially for yarns having high coefficients of friction,that itcauses the output tension to exceed the yield value for the yarnbeing tested.Also,in every case the angle of wrap should notbe less than 1.57 rad(90).1.5 This test method has been applied to yarns having lineardensities ranging between 1.5 and 400 tex 14 and 3600 denierand having coefficients of friction ranging between 0.1 and 1.0but may also be used with yarns outside these ranges of lineardensities and coefficients of friction.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn(Yarn Num-ber)by the Skein MethodD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD3412 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to YarnD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3.Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58,Yarns andFibers,refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:coefficient of friction,friction,kinetic friction,radian,staticfraction,wrap angle.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles,refer toTerminology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A length of yarn is run at known speeds and in contactwith either single or multiple friction surfaces using a specifiedwrap angle.(See Fig.1.)The yarn input and output tensions aremeasured,and the coefficient of friction is calculated by meansofAmontons law(see 11.4).Alternatively,apparatus is used inwhich the ratio of output tension to input tension is measuredallowing the coefficient of friction to be indicated directly.5.Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D3108 for the determination of kineticfriction between yarn and solid materials may be used for theacceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarn,but1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1972.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3108 07.DOI:10.1520/D3108_D3108M-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 caution is advised since between laboratory precision is knownto be poor.Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may beadvisable.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories(or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias be