ASTM_D_3418_-_15.pdf

Designation:D341815Standard Test Method forTransition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion andCrystallization of Polymers by Differential ScanningCalorimetry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3418;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of transitiontemperatures and enthalpies of fusion and crystallization ofpolymers by differential scanning calorimetry.NOTE1True heats of fusion are to be determined in conjunction withstructure investigation,and frequently,specialized crystallization tech-niques are needed.1.2 This test method is applicable to polymers in granularform or to any fabricated shape from which it is possible to cutappropriate specimens.1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from thecryogenic region to 600C.Certain equipment allows thetemperature range to be extended.1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard.NOTE2This test method does not apply to all types of polymers aswritten(see 6.8).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE3This standard is similar but not equivalent to ISO 11357-1,-2,-3.The ISO procedures provide additional information not supplied bythis test method.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-lyzersE968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of DifferentialScanning CalorimetersE1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis andRheology Apparatus2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 11357-1 PlasticsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)Part 1:General PrinciplesISO 11357-2 PlasticsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)Part 2:Determination of Glass Transition Tem-peratureISO 11357-3 PlasticsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)Part 3:Determination of Temperature and En-thalpy of Melting and Crystallization3.Terminology3.1 Specialized terms used in this test method are defined inTerminologies E473 and E1142.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of heating or cooling the testmaterial at a controlled rate under a specified purge gas at acontrolled flow rate and continuously monitoring with asuitable sensing device the difference in heat input between areference material and a test material due to energy changes inthe material.A transition is marked by absorption or release ofenergy by the specimen resulting in a corresponding endother-mic or exothermic peak or baseline shift in the heating orcooling curve.Areas under the crystallization exotherm orfusion endotherm of the test materials are compared against therespective areas obtained by the treatment of a well-characterized standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties(Section D20.30.07).Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1975.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3418-121.DOI:10.1520/D3418-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 Thermal analysis provides a rapid method for measuringtransitions due to morphological or chemical changes,in apolymer as it is heated/cooled through a specified temperaturerange.Change in specific heat capacity,heat flow and tempera-ture values are determined for these transitions.Differentialscanning calorimetry is used to assist in identifying specificpolymers,polymer alloys,and certain polymer additives,which exhibit thermal transitions.Chemical reactions thatcause or affect certain transitions have been measured with theaid of this technique;such reactions include oxidation,curingof thermosetting resins,and thermal decomposition.5.2 This test method is u