ASTM_D_3234_-_88_1999.pdf

Designation:D 3234 88(Reapproved 1999)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Petroleum Wax Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3234;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the abrasionresistance of glossy smooth coatings of petroleum wax orwax-based blends applied to paper and paperboard.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 190 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Hydraulic Ce-ment Mortars2D 1834 Test Method for 20 Specular Gloss of WaxedPaper33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2 abrasion resistance of a wax coatingthe resistance tochange in gloss when that coating has been subjected to anabrading action by a hard external object.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Sixty grams of sand are dropped at a controlled rate ona very small area of a coating under fixed conditions.Gloss ismeasured with a 20 specular glossmeter before and after thisabrading action by the falling sand.5.Significance and Use5.1 A test method to measure the abrasion resistance ofpetroleum wax coatings on paper and paperboard helps predictthe resistance to change in gloss that coatings may undergo.Anexample of a critical wax coated material is a waxed frozenfood carton,which must resist change in gloss when thepackaging material is handled progressively by the following:the supplier of the packaging material,the manufacturer orpackager who combines his product with the packaging mate-rial,the wholesaler,the retailer and eventually the consumer.6.Apparatus6.1 Tube,of glass 25.4 mm(1 in.)in inside diameter and305 mm(12 in.)in length.It shall support a No.12 U.S.Standard Sieve 76 mm(3 in.)from the top of the tube.(Thescreen can be supported by four indentations in the inner glasswall,by means of sandwiching the screen between twowashers which fit tightly inside the glass,or by any othermeans.)6.2 Separatory Funnel,500-mL globular type with a stop-cock of size T4.4The stem must be cut off just below thestopcock.6.3 Standard Sand,5of 20 to 30 mesh meeting Test MethodC 190.The reuse of sand is permitted provided there is noappreciable contamination with foreign particles.Screenthrough a 20-mesh screen to remove coarse impurities.6.4 45 Specimen Holder,of wood,with a precise 45inclined plane on which the test specimen can be held firmly atthis angle.6.5 Spotlight Source,such as a flashlight or a microscopeilluminator,such as Bausch and Lombs Nicholas illuminator.6.6 20 Specular Glossmeter,as used in TAPPI T653-os-70,Specular Gloss of Waxed Paper(20),or Test Method D 1834.7.Sampling and Test Specimen7.1 For each sample,prepare three specimens each a mini-mum of 76 mm(3 in.)by 152 mm(6 in.).The specimens shallbe so prepared that the abrading by the dropping sand will bealong the coating machine direction if known.If unknown,usethe same orientation for all the specimens.8.Procedure8.1 Set up the apparatus as shown in Fig.1(a).To locate theexact position for making glossmeter readings,use the follow-ing procedure:8.1.1 Place a plumb line through the tube and adjust the tubeso that it is perfectly vertical.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 onPetroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0Aon Physical and Chemical Properties.Current edition approved Oct.31,1988.Published November 1988.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.4Corning No.6340,500-mL capacity,or equivalent.5Available from Ottawa Silica Co.,Ottawa,IL.61350.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.8.1.2 Place a spotlight source directly above the glass tubeand shine the light through the tube and onto the coated side ofthe specimen held firmly on the 45 specimen holder.With apen or pencil trace the outline of the tube on the specimen.Thiswill give an outline of an oval.8.2 Place the specimen on the glossmeter so that the beamof light from the lamp of the glossmeter hits within the outlinedoval on the coating.Observe the precise position where thebeam of light from the lamp of the glossmeter hits the outlinedoval on the coating.Read the glossmeter to the nearest wholenumber.8.3 Relocate the specimen on the 45 s