ASTM_D_2947_-_D_2947M_-_88_2019.pdf

Designation:D2947/D2947M88(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forScreen Analysis of Asbestos Fibers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2947/D2947M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a dry screen analysis forasbestos fiber by means of a mechanical sieve shaker.1.2 This test method is limited in its application to Group 4and shorter chrysotile asbestos fiber samples2as defined in TestMethod D3639.However,some short amphibole asbestosfibers may be suitable for evaluation by this method.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions,when working with asbestos-cement products,minimize the dust that results.For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos,refer to“Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos:A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”31.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safety hazard,see 1.4.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D2590 Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3639 Test Method for Classification of Asbestos by Que-bec Standard TestD3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole Asbestos(Withdrawn 2009)5E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3.Summary of Method3.1 The procedure consists of screening a test specimenthrough a specified nest of sieves by means of a mechanicalsieve shaker that reproduces the circular and tapping motiongiven testing sieves in hand-sieving,but with a uniform,mechanical action,assuring more accurate and dependabletests.4.Significance and Use4.1 Test results give some indication of the apparent fiberlength distribution in the sample tested.4.2 Sieves are ideally suited to measure particle size andparticle size distribution when all three axes of the particle areequidimensional or the particle is of spherical shape.Asbestosfibers differ considerably from these ideal conditions and,therefore,results depart from a true measure of fiber length andlength distribution.4.3 Characteristics that influence screening efficiency influ-ence test results.Among these are moisture content,degree offiberization,harshness,and the tendency for fibers to clingtogether,and of short fibers and fines to cling to longer fibers.1This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 on Fiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved April 15,2019.Published May 2019.Originallyapproved in 1971.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2947 88(2011)1.DOI:10.1520/D2947_D2947M-88R19.2Quebec Asbestos Mining Assn.(QAMA)standard designation of chrysotileasbestos grades.3Available from The Asbestos Institute,http:/ referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.4 In spite of its shortcomings,this test method is particu-larly useful because of its simplicity and speed and satisfactoryreproducibility.