ASTM_D_4445_-_10_2015.pdf

Designation:D444510(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forFungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold onUnseasoned Lumber(Laboratory Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This(laboratory)test method is used for determining theminimum concentration of fungicide,or formulation offungicides,that is effective in preventing biodeterioration bysapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood underoptimum laboratory conditions.NOTE1From the results of this test,commercial treating solutionconcentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures arediscussed in the following order:SectionSummary of Test Method4Apparatus6Reagents7Wood8Test Fungi9Culture Media10Preparation of Inoculum11Preparation of Test Chambers12Treatment of Samples13Inoculation and Incubation14Evaluation of the Test15Report161.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-woodsD1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either byspraying with,or by immersing in,solutions or dispersions ofa fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentrationlevels.The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds.Options for testing the toxicity of fungicides include testingagainst individual fungi or against several fungi by using amixed spore suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.4.2 The intensity of surface fungal growth is estimated afterincubation and the results used to determine the minimumchemical treatment concentration giving zero growth(CGo).5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure forselecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous fieldevaluation.6.Apparatus6.1 Incubation Room(or Incubation Cabinet),maintained ata temperature of 25 6 1C,and relative humidity between 70and 80%.6.2 Steam Sterilizer.6.3 Containers:6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes,with minimum size of 140(diameter)by 20 mm(height)with lid or,6.3.2 Aluminum Pans,with minimum size of 240 by 100 by20 mm(height)with aluminum foil cover.6.4 Spacers:6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod,with 3 mm diameter or,6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh,cut to cover the bottom of theselected container(s).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for WoodProducts.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4445 10.DOI:10.1520/D4445-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Reagents7.1 Purity of WaterReference to water shall be understoodto mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV ofSpecification D1193.8.Wood8.1 General PropertiesThe wood species to be tested shallbe selected on the basis of their susceptibility to staining fungi(pine or spruce species are preferred).Sapwood of the selectedwood species,unseasoned(moisture content higher than40%),free of knots,visible decay,sapstain,and mold,shall beused(Note 2).If the fungicide is to be used to protecthardwood,the inclusion of sapwood from a hardwood speciesis recommended.NOTE2If wood for the test is collected in a sawmill where logs arestored in water,it is necessary to collect lumber from at least threedifferent logs since depletion of nutrients during water storage maystrongly affect the growth of molds and staining fungi.Ensure that thelumber collected in a sawmill has not been treated with a sapstain andmold preventive,and if there is any doubt,at least 10 mm of surface woodmust be removed and discarded.8.2 Size of SpecimensSpecimens shall be 7 by 20 mm incross section and 70 mm long.8.3 Preparation of SpecimensWithin two days ofcollecting,the samples shall be