ASTM_D_441_-_07_2019e1.pdf

Designation:D44107(Reapproved 2019)1Standard Test Method ofTumbler Test for Coal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D441;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in December 2019.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relativefriability of a particular size of sized coal.It affords a means ofmeasuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieceswhen subjected to repeated handling at the mine orsubsequently,by the distributor or by the consumer.This testmethod is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals inrespect to friability rather than for determining values withinnarrow limits to emphasize their dissimilarity.This test methodalso may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sizedcoals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feeddevices.This test method may be used for differentiatingbetween certain ranks and grades of coal,and therefore the testmethod is of service for coal classification purposes.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regardedas the standard.Mass may be expressed in metric values.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis ofCoal and Designating Coal SizeE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is a measure of the resistance of thecoal to breakage upon impact and abrasion as the coal rubstogether and against the walls of the transportation vehicle.4.Apparatus4.1 Porcelain Jar Tumbler,consisting of a cylindrical por-celain jar of uniform dimensions,714in.(184 mm)in diameterand 714in.in depth,inside measurements,such as is used forpulverizing coal samples for analysis.The jar shall be fittedinside an iron frame with lifting shelves constructed as shownin Fig.1.The two rings,a,shall be 718in.(181 mm)in outsidediameter and shall be made of34in.by18in.(19 mm by3 mm)iron.The three ledges or shelves,b,612in.by34in.by18in.(165 mm by 19 mm by 3 mm),shall be attached radiallyto the rings by means of small brackets,c,the ends of theshelves being flush with the outer edges of the rings.Theshelves shall be attached so that there will be58in.(15.9 mm)clearance between their outer edge and the outside of the ring.Rivets,not bolts,shall be used in constructing the frame.As thejars available commercially are not of absolutely uniform size,the measurements of the frame may be slightly varied to suitindividual cases.The frame shall be fixed inside the jar bymeans of wedges between the rings and the inside wall of thejar so that its axis shall coincide as nearly as possible with theaxis of the jar,and so that the frame will rotate with the jar.Thejar shall be closed by a set-in porcelain lid resting upon a heavyrubber gasket and sealed tightly according to the customaryprocedure with such jars,that is,by means of a bolt workingagainst the lid.The bolt shall be set in a crossbar,the ends ofwhich shall be held by a metal strip which fits around the bodyof the jar.For tumbling,the jar shall be laid in a horizontalposition in a suitable support or rack and rotated about itscylindrical axis at the rate of 40 rpm.The assembled apparatusis illustrated in Fig.2.4.2 Optional Iron Jar TumblerAn iron jar may be substi-tuted for the porcelain jar specified in 4.1,provided it has1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on PhysicalCharacteristics of Coal.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published December 2019.Originallyapproved in 1937.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D441 07(2012).DOI:10.1520/D0441-07R19E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis internationa