ASTM_D_4418_-_22.pdf

Designation:D441822Standard Practice forReceipt,Storage,and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers the receipt,storage,and handling offuels for gas turbines,except for gas turbines used in aircraft.It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substancesin a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system,or the gas turbine,or both.1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-tion of a grade of fuel,a topic covered by Specification D2880,or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems.Forexample,this practice does not address the spacings of storagetanks,loading and unloading facilities,etc.,and procedures fordealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil(Accelerated Method)D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystems3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dissolved water,nwater that is homogeneously dis-tributed on a molecular scale in a different liquid,called thesolvent.3.1.1.1 DiscussionDissolved water does not settle out ofsolution,nor does it form a separate layer or haze in thecontainer.The amount of water dissolved in the solutiondepends on the temperature of the solution.For most solventsthe amount of dissolved water will increase as the temperatureof the solution increases.3.1.1.2 DiscussionTall tanks may stratify on a macro-scopic scale.That is,the concentration of the water at differentlocations in the tank may vary due to the influence ofmacroscopic factors such as gravity,temperature of the addi-tion of a different fuel blend to the tank.3.1.2 free water,nwater in excess of that soluble in theliquid sample(fuel)at the temperature of the test and usuallyappearing in the liquid sample(fuel)as a haze(cloudiness),droplets or water layer.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIf free water is present at high enoughconcentration,it will frequently settle out of the liquid sampleto form a haze or separate layer in the container.If free wateris present as very small droplets or in a biofilm it may not bevisible to the naked human eye but may still have an effect onthe liquid product.3.1.3 fuel contaminant,nmaterial not intended to bepresent in a fuel,whether introduced during manufacture,handling,distribution,or storage,that makes the fuel lesssuitable for the intended use.3.1.3.1 DiscussionContaminants,which can be soluble inthe fuel or insoluble(suspended liquid droplets or solid orsemi-solid particles),can be the result of improper processing1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.E0 on Burner,Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.Current edition approved Nov.1,2022.Published November 2022.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4418 17.DOI:10.1520/D4418-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopme