ASTM_D_4378_-_13.pdf

Designation:D437813Standard Practice forIn-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam,Gas,and Combined Cycle Turbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4378;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe in-service monitoring of turbine oils has long been recognized by the power-generationindustry as being necessary to ensure long trouble-free operation of turbines.The two main types of stationary turbines used for power generation are steam and gas turbines;theturbines can be used as individual turbines,or can be configured as combine cycle turbines.Combinedcycle turbines are of two types;the first type connects a gas turbine with a steam turbine,with separatelubricant circuits,and the second type mounts a steam and a gas turbine on the same shaft and has acommon lubricant circuit.The lubrication requirements are quite similar but there are importantdifferences in that gas turbine oils are subjected to significantly higher localized“hot spot”temperatures and water contamination is less likely.Steam turbine oils are normally expected to lastfor many years.In some turbines up to 20 years of service life has been obtained.Gas turbine oils,bycomparison,have a shorter service life from 2 to 5 years depending on severity of the operatingconditions.One of the benefits of the gas turbine is the ability to respond quickly to electrical powergeneration dispatching requirements.Consequently,a growing percentage of modern gas turbines arebeing used for peaking or cyclic duty(frequent unit stops and starts)that subjects the lubricant tovariable conditions(very high down to ambient temperatures),which put additional stresses on thelubricant.This practice is designed to assist the user to validate the condition of the lubricant through its lifecycle by carrying out a meaningful program of sampling and testing of oils in service.This practiceis performed in order to collect data and monitor trends which suggest any signs of lubricantdeterioration and to ensure a safe,reliable,and cost-effective operation of the monitored plantequipment.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effectivemonitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gasturbines,as individual or combined cycle turbines,used forpower generation.This practice includes sampling and testingschedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through itslife cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring thepresent condition of the lubricant within the acceptable targets.This practice is not intended for condition monitoring oflubricants for auxiliary equipment;it is recommended that theappropriate practice be consulted(see Practice D6224).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring,Problems and Systems.Current edition approved Oct.1,2013.Published October 2013.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4378 12.DOI:10.1520/D4378-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 and Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oilsand Synthetic FluidsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD2273 Test Method for Trace Sedi