ASTM_D_4315_-_94_2012.pdf

Designation:D431594(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Methods forRubber Compounding MaterialZinc Oxide1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4315;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests forzinc oxide that are considered to be important to its use inrubber compounding.1.2 The tests appear in the following order:TestSectionZinc Oxide5Lead and Cadmium6Sulfur7Heat Loss8Surface Area9Sieve Residue101.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use For specificprecautions,see 5.2.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture(and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Conditions)in PigmentsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3037 Test Method for Carbon BlackSurface Area byNitrogen Adsorption(Withdrawn 1999)3D3040 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Stan-dards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing(Withdrawn1987)3D3280 Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc PigmentsD4075 Test Methods for Rubber Compounding MaterialsFlame Atomic Absorption AnalysisDetermination ofMetalsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Significance and Use3.1 These test methods may be used for quality control ofzinc oxide used as a compounding material and for researchand development studies where zinc oxide is used in a rubbermix.4.Reagents4.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.4.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent water inaccordance with Specification D1193.ZINC OXIDE5.Procedure for Determination of%Zinc Oxide5.1 Analysis of white zinc pigments is covered in TestMethods D3280.5.2 Reagents and safety precautions for Test MethodsD3280 apply.5.3 Section 6 of Test Methods D3280 describes the analysisof total zinc in zinc oxide using diphenylamine as internalindicator.5.4 Section 7 of Test Methods D3280 describes the analysisof total zinc in zinc oxide using uranyl acetate as externalindicator.LEAD AND CADMIUM6.Procedure for Determination of Lead and Cadmium inZinc Oxide6.1 Test Methods D4075 is the standard test method formetal analysis in compounding materials using the flameatomic absorption technique.Analysis for cadmium and lead inzinc oxide are described in Sections 11 through 20 of TestMethods D4075.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.20 on CompoundingMaterials and Procedures.Current edition approved May 1,2012.Published June 2012.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4315 94(2006).DOI:10.1520/D4315-94R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 SULFUR7.Procedure for Determination of Sulfur in Zinc Oxide7.1 Analysis of white zinc pigments is covered in TestMethods D3280.7.2 Reagents and safety precautions for Test MethodsD3280 apply.7.3 Section 9 of Test Methods D3280 describes the analysisof total sulfur in zinc oxide.HEAT LOSS8.Procedure for Determining Heat Loss in Zinc Oxide8.1 Use Test Methods D280,MethodA,for pigments that donot decompose at 110C.SURFACE AREA9.Surface Area of Zinc Oxide9.1 Use Procedure D of Test Methods D3037.Test MethodsD3037 are written for carbon black using a flowing gas surfacearea analyzer.It shall be followed with the following excep-tions:9.2 Sections 33.11 and 33.12 shall read:Accurately weigh a clean,dry,empty sample cell and record the mass.Using a small funnel,pour the zinc oxide into the sample cell using thefollowing table as a guide for the approximate sample mass:Surface Area,103m2/kgZinc Oxide Mass,g940.200.350.500.709.3 Section 33.16 shall read:Outgas the Zinc Oxide at 200C for 20min9.4 Section 33.21 shall read:An attenuator setting of one is usually satisfactoryfor the surface areas and masses.NOTE1See 9.2.9.5 Sections 33.33.1,33.33.2 and 33.33.3 should be disre-garded as not relevant as there are currently no ASTMapproved reference standards for zinc oxide surface areas.SIEVE RESIDUE10.Procedure for Sieve Residue of Zinc Oxide10.1 Apparatus:10.1.1 Sieves,75-mm(3-in.)o