ASTM_D_3539_-_11.pdf

Designation:D353911StandardTest Methods forEvaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-FilmEvaporometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3539;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the rateof evaporation of volatile liquids of low viscosity using theShell thin-film evaporometer.These test methods have beenapplied to a wide range of volatile liquids,including paint,varnish,and lacquer solvents and thinners to various hydrocar-bons and to insecticide spray-base oils.1.2 The test methods for the determination of evaporationrate using the thin-film evaporometer are:SectionsTest Method A2,3Manual Recording5 11Test Method BAutomatic Recording12 171.3 These test methods are limited only by the viscosity ofthe volatile liquid which must be sufficiently low to permit thedispensing of an accurately measured specimen from a syringe.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in 5.2 and 5.6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity,Apparent,of LiquidIndustrial ChemicalsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Summary of Test Methods3.1 A known volume of liquid is spread on a known area offilter paper that is suspended from a sensitive balance in acabinet.Dried air or nitrogen at 25C is passed through thecabinet at a known rate.The loss of weight of the filterpaper/liquid is determined and plotted against time.4.Significance and Use4.1 The rate of evaporation of volatile liquids from asolution or dispersion is important because it affects the rate ofdeposition of a film and flow during deposition,and therebycontrols the structure and appearance of the film.In theformulation of paints and related products,solvents are chosenbased on the evaporation characteristics appropriate to theapplication technique and the curing temperature.TEST METHOD AEVAPORATION RATE USINGTHE MANUAL THIN-FILM EVAPOROMETER5.Apparatus5.1 Evaporometer,thin-film evaporometer5as shown inFig.1(see Annex A1).5.2 Constant-Temperature Cabinet for evaporometer.(WarningIn instances with the solvents and other volatilematerials normally tested using this apparatus and under theconditions specified in this test method,the concentration of1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints andPaint Materials.Current edition approved Feb.1,2011.Published March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1976.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3539 87(2004).DOI:10.1520/D3539-11.2These test methods are essentially the same as the one developed by the NewYork Society for Paint Technology.The Precision section was added by ASTMSubcommittee D01.24 and is based upon the data of the New York Society for PaintTechnology.3See“Comparative Evaporation Rates of Solvents:II,”New York Club,Technical Subcommittee No.66,Offcial Digest,28,No.382,1956,p.1060.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The manual Shell thin-film evaporometer is no longer available.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 solvent or other flammable material being exhausted into thelaboratory atmosphere will be significantly below any concen-tration that could be hazardous,that is,a lower flammablelimit.However,it may be desirable to locate the instrument andcabinet in a laboratory exhaust hood if the routine handling ofcertain materials may present a hazard due to toxicity,extremevolatility,or flammability.)5.3 Interval Timer:Stopwatch or Electric TimerA timerthat gives an audible signal at 10 or 20-s intervals and thatgives a warning signal approximately 3 s before the end of theinterval is preferred.5.4 Filter Paper DiskFast,open-textured filter paper,90mm in diameter,with a circle approximately 60 mm indiameter(and concentric with the edge)lightly drawn on thepaper with a pencil.5.5 SyringeA 1.00-mL hypodermic syringe equi