ASTM_D_440_-_07_2012.pdf

Designation:D44007(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method ofDrop Shatter Test for Coal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D440;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method of drop shatter test2covers the deter-mination of the relative size stability and its complement,thefriability,of sized coal.It affords a means of indicating theability of coal to withstand breakage when subjected tohandling at the mine and during transit to the consumer.Thetest method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity ofcoals in respect to size stability and friability rather than fordetermining values within narrow limits in order to emphasizetheir dissimilarity.This test method is considered applicable fortesting a selected single size of different coals,for testingdifferent single sizes of the same coal,and for mixed sizes ofthe same or different coals.NOTE1By single sizes is meant those with fixed upper and lowersieve opening limits,selected from those designated in 4.2;and by mixedsizes is meant either“slack”or a mixture of two or more single sizes.1.2 This test method appears best suited for measuring therelative resistance to breakage of the larger sizes of coal whenhandled in thin layers such as from loader to mine car,fromloading boom to railroad car,from shovel to chute,etc.Whileit may not be so well adapted for measuring the liability tobreakage of coal when handled in mass,as in unloadingopen-bottom cars,emptying bins,etc.,it is believed that thetest method will serve also to indicate the relative size stabilityof composite sizes of coal where,in commercial handling,thesmaller sized pieces have a cushioning effect which tends tolessen the breakage of the larger pieces of coal.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regardedas the standard.Mass may be expressed in metric values.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for CokeD4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis ofCoal and Designating Coal SizeE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for TestingPurposes3.Significance and Use3.1 The values determined in this test method,when evalu-ated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals,may beused as indications of the extent to which coal will break inconventional transit and handling beyond the point of sam-pling.4.Apparatus4.1 Shatter Test Machine,which is the same as that de-scribed and illustrated in Test Method D3038,shall consist ofa box 18 in.(457 mm)in width,28 in.(711 mm)in length,andapproximately 15 in.(381 mm)in depth,supported above arigidly mounted cast iron or steel plate not less than12in.(12.7mm)in thickness,38 in.(965 mm)in width,and 48 in.(1219mm)in length.The inside of the bottom of the box shall be 6ft(1.83 m)above the plate.The bottom of the box shall consistof two doors hinged lengthwise and latched so that they willswing open freely and not impede the fall of the coal.Boardsabout 8 in.(200 mm)in height should be placed around theplate so that no coal is lost.To prevent the breakage of coal,which may occur while placing the sample into the box,thebox shall be constructed so that it can be lowered to a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on PhysicalCharacteristics of Coal.Current edition approved Sept.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallypublished in 1937.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D440 07.DOI:10.1520/D0440-07R12.2For information concerning the development and utilization of this drop shattertest method for coal the following references may be consulted:Smith,C.M.,“An Investigation of the Friability of Different Coals,”Universityof Illinois,Engineering Experiment Station,Bulletin No.196 UIBBA(1929);“TheFriability of Illinois Coals,”University of Illinois,Engineering Experiment Station,Bulletin No.218 UIBBA(1930).Yancey,H.F.,and Zane,R.E.,“Comparison of Methods for Determining theFriability of Coal,”U.S.Bureau of Mines,Report of Investigations 3215(1933).Gilmore,R.E.,Nicolls,J.H.H.,and Connell,G.P.,“Coal Friability Tests,”Canadian Department of Mines,Mines Branch,No.762(1935).3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary