ASTM_D_4355_-_D_4355M_-_14.pdf

Designation:D4355/D4355M14Standard Test Method forDeterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light,Moistureand Heat in a Xenon Arc Type Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4355/D4355M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dete-rioration in tensile strength of geotextiles by exposure to xenonarc radiation,moisture,and heat.1.2 The light and water exposure apparatus employs axenon-arc light source.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics(Withdrawn 1998)3D4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics(Strip Method)E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 geotextileany permeable textile material used withfoundation,soil,rock,earth,or any other geotechnical engi-neering related material that is an integral part of a man-madeproduct,structure,or system.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D123,for geotextile terms referto Terminology D4439.3.2.2 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-cable to this standard.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Five specimens of a geotextile for the machine directionand for the cross machine direction are exposed in a xenon arcdevice for each of the following times:0(control specimens),for 150,300,and 500 h.The exposure consists of 120-mincycles as follows:90 min of light only at 65 6 3C uninsulatedblack panel temperature and 50 6 10%relative humidity,followed by 30 min of light plus water spray.(See Note 8.)4.2 After each exposure period,the specimens are subjectedto a cut or ravel strip tensile test.The average breaking strengthin each direction is compared with the average breakingstrength in each direction of the control specimens.The percentstrength retained is plotted versus exposure period to producea degradation curve for the specimens from each direction.5.Significance and Use5.1 This method is intended to induce property changesassociated with end use conditions,including the effects ofsolar radiation,moisture and heat.The exposure used is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-ance Properties.Current edition approved July 15,2014.Published September 2014.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4355 07.DOI:10.1520/D4355_D4355M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution,biologicalattack,and salt water exposure.5.2 The relation between time to failure in an exposureconducted in accordance with this test method,and service lifein a specific outdoor environment requires determination of anacceleration factor as defined in Terminology G113.Theacceleration factor is material-dependent and is only valid if itis based on data from a sufficient number of separate exteriorand laboratory-accelerated exposures so that the results used torelate times to failure in eac