ASTM_D_4281_-_95_2005e1.pdf

Designation:D 4281 95(Reapproved 2005)e1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forOil and Grease(Fluorocarbon Extractable Substances)byGravimetric Determination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4281;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEThe introduction was changed editorially in January 2006.INTRODUCTIONIn the determination of oil and grease,an absolute quantity of a specific substance is not measured.Rather,groups of substances with similar physical characteristics are determined quantitatively on thebasis of their common solubility in a specified fluorocarbon solvent.Oil and grease may therefore,besaid to include hydrocarbons,fatty acids,soaps,fats,waxes,oil,and any other material that isextracted by the solvent from an acidified sample of the test.It is important that this limitation beclearly understood.Unlike some constituentswhich represent distinct chemical elements,ions,compounds,or groups of compounds,oils and greases are defined by the method used for theirdetermination.In accordance with 40 CFR 82.13,Appendix G,chlorofluorocarbon-113 may not be used in the UnitedStates of America for the determination of oil and grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons in water.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of oil andgrease in water and wastewater by a gravimetric determinationof fluorocarbon extractable substances from an acidifiedsample.Also included in this estimation of oil and grease areany other compounds soluble in chlorofluorocarbon-113 andnon-volatile under the conditions of test.1.2 The following two test methods are included:SectionsTest Method ALiquid-Liquid Extraction10-15Test Method BSoxhlet Extraction16-231.3 These test methods are applicable to natural waters anddomestic wastewaters.They are also suitable for most indus-trial wastewaters,although certain wastes may yield lowresults because of the presence of either excessive concentra-tions of natural greases or synthetic or modified compoundsthat are not well recovered by these test methods.1.4 These test methods measure those groups of substancecalled oil and grease,whether soluble or insoluble,polar ornon-polar,or biological or mineral in origin,to the extent thesesubstances partition from the matrix into chlorofluorocarbon-113 and are not volatilized under conditions of the test.(See theIntroduction and Section 3 of these test methods.)1.5 Because these test methods include an acidification stepprior to extraction,soluble metallic soaps are hydrolyzed andrecovered as fatty acids in the extraction step.1.6 These test methods were fully validated by collaborativetesting in reagent Type IV water.The information on precisionmay not apply to other waters.NOTE1Refer to companion procedures(Test Method D 3921).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see 12.1,13.2,20.1,and 20.5.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved Dec.1,2005.Published January 2006.Originallyapproved in 1983.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4281 95(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.D 1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water andSteam in Closed Conduits3D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of WaterD 3921 Test Method for Oil and Grease and PetroleumHydrocarbons in WaterD 4210 Practice for Intralaboratory Quality Control Proce-dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data3D 5789 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Organic Constituents33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods,refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1oil and greasethe organic matter