ASTM_D_3511_-_D_3511M_-_16.pdf

Designation:D3511/D3511M16Standard Test Method forPilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes ofTextile Fabrics:Brush Pilling Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3511/D3511M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pro-pensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surfacechanges on textiles using the brush pilling tester.This proce-dure is generally intended to be used for upholstery,automotive,luggage and heavy duty uniform fabrics because itis highly abrasive.This does not,however,preclude it frombeing used for other types of fabrics.If unsure,comparisontesting should be performed to ensure that this test methodreplicates pilling on the final product.NOTE1For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,refer to Test Methods D3512/D3512M,D3514/D3514M,and D4970/D4970M.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-tilesD3512/D3512M Test Method for Pilling Resistance andOther Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics:Ran-dom Tumble Pilling TesterD3514/D3514M Test Method for Pilling Resistance andOther Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics:Elas-tomeric PadD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD4970/D4970M Test Method for Pilling Resistance andOther Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics:Mar-tindale Tester2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:3ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for RandomTumble Pilling Test3.Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59,Fabric TestMethods,General,see Terminology D4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:fuzz,pilling resistance,pills.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles,see Termi-nology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance,such asfuzzing,which occur in normal wear are simulated on labora-tory testing machines.Fabrics are subjected to simulated wearconditions:first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends thatform fuzz on the surface of the fabric,then rubbing two of thespecimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends intopills.The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing thetested specimens with visual standards,which may be actualfabrics or photographs of fabrics,showing a range of pillingresistance.The observed resistance to pilling is reported usingan arbitrary rating scale.5.Significance and Use5.1 Acceptance TestingThis method of testing fabrics forresistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published July 2016.Originally approvedin 1976.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3511 15.DOI:10.1520/D3511_D3511M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJD3512.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 If it is used for acceptance testing,it should be used withcaution because interlaboratory data are not available.In somecases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test acommercial shipment of one or more specific materials by thebest available method,even though the method has not beenrecommended for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories(or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them,using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum,the test samples should be used thatare as homogeneous as possible,drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test resul